The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 7

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN TUESDAY SEPTEMBER 10 1957 7 NO HARD WORDS ON HUNGARY Mr Nehru pleads for tolerance F5 i 3d I fl ARMAMENT I at U. WINE-GROWERS IN RIOTS Two dead in clash with police Bari, September 9. Two rioters were killed and several others, as well as a number of police, were injured to-night in a clash between police and wine-growers at San Donaci, in Southern Italy. The growers, who have been demonstrating because of low prices, threw stones at the police, who opened fire with rifles and sub-machine guns. The police said the demonstrators also fired some shots.

A woman was among the wounded. In a statement issued in Rome through the Italian news agency, Ansa, the Government claimed that the riots yesterday and to-day were obviously organised by Communists. At Vprnntirn nnH PolTinn upina. NYE MOSCOW growers, agitating for reduced taxes and Government help to meet caused by an over-abundant crop, burned down two tax offices. Nine people have been arrested and about thirty detained.

Reuter. KEEPING OUT THE ILLICIT MINERS Trust closes ferry Freetown, Septembbh 9. The Sierra Leone Selection Trust has closed to the general public the only ferry over which lorries may pass tu the encampment of the illicit diainonJ miners. This is its latest move in its fisht against the illegal mining in its leased areas The ferry is on the river Bah half-way between Yengema and Tefeya Explaining the "temporary" closure, a Government spokesman said that for the present onlv police, military, and Government officers would use ih'3 ferry, although others could use -it if thev got permission. Meanwhile Mr A.

P. Atkinson. District Commissioner in Kono, has issued a notice that every holder of a licence to live in the diamond protection arcs in the Kono district must present the licence for inspection not later than next Tuesday. It was also announced to-day that Chief Ngekia, paramount ruler the Karara chiefdom in the Kono district, has been suspended fyom performing b' functions as chief for six months because of his failure 'to co-operate with the Government in its efforts to wipe out illicit diamond mining, eject illegal immigrants, and restore law and order In his district. British United Press GERMANY GETS URANIUM From our tnvn Correspondent Bonn, September 9.

The first deliveries of enriched uranium from America reached Munich to-day, where the first nuclear reactor to be established in Western Germany' should be in operation by the end of this month. The deliveries consist of three charges of uranium 235, weighing just over 5 kilogrammes. They have been handed over to the head of the new Bavarian Nuclear Research Institute, Professor Maier-Leibnitz. CORRUPTION OF CYPRIOT YOUTH More extracts from Grivas's diaries general order elated December, 1955 Gnvas ordered a girl students' branch ot E.O.K.A to be organised. On one occasion sub IN Malaya's independence Kuala Lumpur, September 9 Lieutenant-General Sir Roger Bower.

retiring Director of Operations, said to-day that there was no logic in Communist terrorists continuing to fight now that Malaya was independent. The Chinese Communist leader, Mao Tse-Tung, had congratulated the Malayan Government on achieving independence This made it difficult for Chin Peng, the Malayan Communist leader, to claim that the present independence was false The General thought it unlikely, however, that the 400 hard core terrorists in Malaya would respond to the Government's latest terms of surrender, though a certain number of waverers might come out if they could escape from the authority of their leaders. The first Communist terrorist to give himself up since the Government announced its terms on September 3 has left the jungle He is Ah Pee. who Reuter. NOW NO LOGIC TERRORISM Commonwealth.

Members of civilised ami democratic associations did not walk out of them if thev disagreed with other members, he said. I know of no occasion either under a Conservative or a Labour Go'ernment when we have been under pressure from the United Kingdom as a result of our membership of the Commonwealth." Referring to the London disarmament talks, he said it was a mistake to think that either the Western Powers or Russia wanted war. If no agreement had been reached it must be the fault of both sides. On Kashmir, he said there had been some suggestions that United Nations troops might be posted there. India would not tolerate any foreign or United Nations troops on her soil, and that included the territory of Kashmir occupied by Pakistan.

The Upper House approved the Government's foreign policy by a voice vote. Reuter 35 SPONSOR U.N. RESOLUTION Mission to Moscow United Nations, September 9. Thirty-five nations are sponsoring a resolution, tabled to-night for debate in the General Assembly to-morrow, which condemns Russia for suppressing last year's spontaneous national uprising in Hungary, and proposes that a United Nations special lepresentative be sent to Moscow and Budapest to seek compliance with Assembly resolutions. Prince Wan Waifhayakan, of Siam, the Assembly's president, is nominated for this job.

The resolution, condemning the Russian Government and the present Hungarian authorities for their actions during and since the revolt and for their continued defiance of United Nations resolutions, approves the findings of the United Nations investigating committee, in particular its conclusions that (al The U.S.S.R.. in violation ot'rhe United Nations Charter, has deprived Hungary of its libertv and political independence and the Hungarian peonle of the exercise of their fundamental human rights (b) The present Hungaiian lesime has been imposed on the Hungarian people by the armed. intervention of the USSR (cl The US.S.R has carried ou; mass deportations of Hungarian citizens to the S.S (d) The TJ.S.S has violated its obli-aa'-'ons under the Geneva Conventions of 1949. (e) The present authorities in Hungary have violated the human rights and freedoms guaranteed by the Treaty of Peace with Hungary." The resolution, which calls for further efforts to achieve the objectives of the United Nations," would place the Hungarian issue on the agenda of the Assembly's next which starts on September 17, and ask Prince Wan to report to it and make the recommendations as he may deem advisable." An American spokesman said support for the resolution had been pledged by many countries not included among the sponsors, and he was confident that the two-thllrds majority (54 votes) required for Assembly approval would be easily attained. Reuter and British United Press HUNGARY WHIPS UP INDIGNATION Prelude to debate By Victor Zorza Hundreds of meetings are being held in Hungary and thousands of signatures collected under petitions protesting against the United Nations report on Hungary, in preparation for the General Assembly's special session on Hungary.

One of the oddest things about this indignation campaign which follows the best Communist examples is that it is designed as a protest against a document which has not even been published in Hungary. When the United Nations report was first released the While the Hungarian Government immediately described it as a pack of lies before it had even had an opportunity to make the most cursory examination ol it. A propaganda campaign was immediately organised to discredit the report the contents of which became known to Hungarians from foreign broadcasts and Budapest newspapers appealed to readers for letters on the subject. Later it must have been realised that the "protests" must have something AMERICAN QUARREL IN CHINA Visit to alleged spy Wuhan (Central China), September 9 Dissension has broken out among members ot the party of 40 young Americans now touring China about the alleged distortion of a report of a visit to John Downey, an American serving a life sentence imposed in 1952 for alleged spying." Some of the delegates accused Jake Rosen, organiser of the group, who comes from New York, and Bob Williamson, who lives in London, of deliberately withholding information from the press for reasons of their own and deliberately editorialising the report Larry Moyer, of Brooklyn, one of the party of five which visited Downey and another American spy," Richard Fecteau, in a Peking prison on Saturday, said the report should have made it clear that during the interview Downey seemed nervous and excited, and that it was very difficult to get him to talk. His hands and feet were trembling badly.

Moyer said all the visiting Americans agreed that Downey looked like a man in his mid-thirties and were surprised when they heard he was only 27. Another point not in the report was that Downey had he did not want to be visited by his mother. Reuter. rTTTvT.TC! A 1 IKIO VlfiiJ.XJO EMERGENCY On Algerian border Tunis, September 9. The Tunisian President.

M. Habib Bourguiba, to-day ordered a stale of emergency to be declared along Tunisia's frontier with Algeria. Tunisian officials said that the measure was taken in view of Tunisia's right of legitimate defence at a time of repeated violations of the integrity of Tunisian territory and the security of its inhabitants by French troops coming from Algeria." M. Bourguiba signed a law proclaiming a state of emergency in the frontier districts of Souk-el-Arba, Le Kef, Sbeitla, Gafsa, and Tozeur. Reuter MR BEVAN MEETS THE POLISH LEADERS Warsaw, Septfmbek 9.

Mr Aneurin Bevan, accompanied by his wife, Miss Jennie Lee, to-day had a meeting lasting over two hours with Mr Gomulka, the Polish Communist leader, and Mr Cyrankiewicz, the Prime Minister. Later, he told reporters he had no comment to make on the meeting, but he planned to give a press conference before leaving for Moscow on Wednesday In the afternoon, he lectured to the Polish Institute of Internationa! A fairs. Reuter New Delhi. Septemher 9. Mi- Nehru said to-day that the Hungarian question could not be solved by mere condemnation, and indicated that India would not join in any move to oust the representatives of the present Budapest Government from the United Nations.

Opening a debate in Parliament on foreign affairs, lie said India was concerned to produce an atmosphere which helped the peop.e of Hungary and did not merely increase tension What would be the effect of repudiating the present Hungarian representatives The Government of Hungary would not disappear. It would function with hostility and perhaps with greater rigidity. There seemed no point in taking steps on condemnation that could not be followed by other steps such as outright war. and nobody wanted war. In Eastern Europe all kinds of forces are at play, liberalising and democratising forces, and there is a great deal of progress in some countries." he said.

Left to themselves there might be more progress if they are not restricted and hindered and upbraided and condemned." He denied, however, Hungarian Government claims that India had opposed the discussion of the report on Hungary in the United Nations. What we had informally stated was that it might be better to discuss it at the next session of the Assembly rather than at the continuation of the old session," he said. Middle East dangers Mr Nehru said the situation in the Middle East, and especially in Syria, was grave. If the wrong step is if a small conflict begins there, the consequences may well be a bigger conflict and an even bigger conflict behind that" By creating alliances to prevent Soviet interference in the Middle East, the Western Powers had brought about the very thing they feared. The Soviet Union could not be ignored in any settlement there, just as China could not be ignored in any Far East settlement.

Commenting" on Soviet military aid to Syria, and the American supplies to Syria's neighbours, he said One wishes the aid were economic and nt arms." He expressed disappointment and frustration at the deadlock in the disarmament talks. Referring to whispers that Goa was being made into a military base he said If Goa is made mio any kind of a base for the larger purposes of any alliance that would be a move the most serious character and it would be an unfriendlv act to India. Every countrv that helns or supports that move will thereby be committing an unfriendly act against India and India will not tolerate it whatever the consequences." Mr Krishna Menon, the Defence Minister, also speaking in the debate, defended India's membership of the avcC get? cum EXTRA ALLOWANCE! U.S.A. petrol and oil far cheaper than U.K. GBEATLY REDUCED ROUND TRIP CAR FARES.

With your car you SAVE costly transport fares in U.S., excess baggage charges, and constant big tipping. Also, you get 35-of EXTRA DOLLARS Consult your Travel Agent or 120 PAU. MALL LONDON S.W.I Teephoi WHJt.tuIl 1972 A highly developed sense of touch will enable a blind man to play his part in a competitive world with confidence and skill. St. Dunstan's trains war-blinded Servicemen and women in many crafts and professions, by teaching hands to take the place of eyes.

Great work is being done, but the costly training and welfare aepends entirely on voluntary contributions. Please help St. Dunstan's to carry on this vital work by remembering St. Dunstan's in your will. St.

Dunstan's is not a hospital in the sense of the National Health Service. Atl information from Sir lin Fraser, MA ST DUNSTAN'S 1. South Audte Street, London. W.I (Hef'ttered Jn occordanct wtth (he Notional Assistance Act, 1943) I KEEP IN tf TOUCH September 15 th 1957 the population of he Federal Republic of Germany will elect their new parliament. This event and the geographical position in the centre ot Europe, in the sphere of tension between East and West, once again brings this country and its inhabitants into focus.

Abroad those oersons attaching great importance to acquiring a clear and unadulterated view of events and developments in Germany particularly like to gather their information from DIE WELT. Its obiective and comprehensive reporting enioys highest esteem both at home and abroad. The publication number of the Saturday edition exceeds 250.000 The foreign distribution caters (or 83 countries ol the globe. Nicosia, September 9. The Government ol Cyprus to-day published a booklet accusing Colonel Grivas, the E.O.K.A.

terrorist leader, of ordering schoolchildren to take part in demonstrations and terrorism. The booklet of thirty pages entitled Corruption of Youth In Support of Terrorism in Cyprus," says captured documents showed that arms training for selected schoolboys began at an early date, even before the outbreak of violence in the island The booklet contains nearly twenty hitherto unpublished extracts from the Grivas' diarieb concerning instructions for the organisation of youth in terrorist activity. It says Athens radio broadcasts, many ot which were directed at the youth of Cyprus, were a potent factor in the process of subversion." The booklet said that a meeting took place in May, 1955, at the Greek consulate in Nicosia to consider the E.O K.A leader's complaint that some teachers were restraining students from taking part in demonstrations The result of the meeting was recorded in a diary entry dated May 19, 195o from now on the pupils will not be chased in the streets (bv teachers trying to get them back to their lessons) The meeting was attended by Papastavros, Archbishop Makarios' deputy in matters affecting the terrorist organisation The booklet shows that the very first arms shipment from Greece was received in Cyprus in January, 1953, and that the youth organisation. Peon. I (created by Archbishop Makarios) was involved in arranging to receive the iii-iir, ii ocscnoes feon as uie emDryo from which Grivas' terrorist bands ultimately sprang." The freedom to read Two Cypriot teachers were actively engaged in smuggling arms from Greece," another was responsible for the burning down of a police station by his pupils, and others had organised bomb-throwing by students.

Discounting allegations that Britain had pursued a dehellenisation policy in Cyprus, the booklet said some textbooks used in Cyprus were identical with those used in Greece The readers were couched in language calculated to arouse extreme nationalistic feeling. One passage read The Greek flag now waits to be hoisted over Cyprus and Northern Epirus which are still in slavery This, says the booklet. typifies the forebearance which the British authorities observed towards the agitation for Enosis so lotig as it did not disturb the peace of the island." The process of the boys' involvement in E.O.K.A was gradual First thev took the E.O K.A. oath, then took part in riots and demonstrations, then in leaflet distribution by night till the second stage was reached sabotage duties, grenade throwing, until thev finally qualified for anns training and graduated into killer groups. The response bv schools to Grivas' demand for "militant demonstrations" was immediate and at one stage there were 49 school strikes in six weeks To embarrass the no'ire and troops girl sludents were pushed to the fore.

In a the fission products from power leuctors. are opening up exciting new lields of application, and there is no knowing at present how great may be their impact on scientific methods and materials." Most of the discussions will be highly specialised and technical, but evening lectures to which the public will be admitted will include discussion of the safe levels of radiation that the human body can stand. Wool fights back Melbourne, Septemher 9. The nine members of the newly formed Australian Wool Research Committee met here to-dav to plan Australia's reply to the challenge of synthetic fibres. The committee has a capital millions from the old wool industry fund and will guide the spending of millions a year on wool research in Australia.

When the committee was appointed last month Mr R. Casev, the Minister in charge of the wool textile and biological laboratories, said world wool-producing countries were spending only A1.5 millions a year on research. Firms making synthetic fibres were spending A15 millions to A20 millions a year on research. Thrift in China Peking, September 9. Marshal Chu-teh, Vice-chairman of the People's Republic, to-day urged Chinese women to help in their country's construction by managing households with industry and thrift.

He was addressing the opening meeting of the third national Women's Congress on behalf of the Central Committee of the Communist party. Reuter and British United Press. sequently a procession of schoolgirls in Nicosia was used to decoy tioops into a prepared position where bombs were thrown at them from the roofs of neighbouring buildings. The girls became increasingly responsible for the distribution ot leaflets Intimidation of teachers One bov. who pleaded guilty to flritic at a Bntin serviceman at Limassol last November, is onlv 15.

In addition 311 vouths of secondary-school aae are detained on suspicion of complicity in irrnrist. nets. The aoad humour and Djtience dilaved bv the security forces under extreme provocation had undoubtedly saved countless lives. The hookiet said there were mitigating circumstances to exDlain the "spineless attitude" of most Cvnriot teachers. Many imniis them had received threatening letters from K.A Two were killed and attempts had been made on the lives of others.

One teacher made an abject anologv to a senior class, and was there-unon permitted to continue at his Dost temnorarilv." the booklet said. Irreparable harm had been done to the character formation of these future citirens at a critical time in the island's historv The booklet concludes: "EOKA's promotion of anarchv, as a means of proving the failure of British rule. Is well calculated to cause the promoter- embarrassment In the future, and will benefit no one but the communists, from whom E.O.K.A has often been at pains to dissociate Schoolgirls in towns, who were regularlv employed in lenflet distribution after dark were Tit savsl particularly exposed to the temptation-; of sexual immorality During the winter of 1956-7 schoolgirls of IS and 17 admitted that thev were in the habit of giving themselves nromls-cuou0y to members of the killer and combat groups in one town Renter E.O.K.A. LEAFLETS Cyprus papers summoned for printing them Nicosia, September 9. The English-language newspaper Times of Cyprus and the acting editor, Mr William Scobie, to-day received summonses under the Cyprus criminal code after the publication of an E.O.K.A.

leaflet in this morning's edition. The summonses allege that the newspaper published propaganda issued by an unlawful association" and in the interests of an Unlawful organisation." The Turkish Cypriot daily newspaper Bozkurt also received two summonses alleging similar offences E.O.K.A. distributed the leaflets on Sunday night. British United Press. ILS.

MONOPOLY CASE Radio Corporation to pay big sum to Zenith Chicago, Septemher 9. A $61,000,000 (nearly 22 millions) suit brought against the Radio Corporation of America by the Zenith Radio Corporation under the anti-monopoly laws, has been settled for a substantial sum. believed to be about $10,000,000. The sum is the largest ever recovered by a private organisation in a monopoly case. Zenith accused R.C.A.

of conspiring with Westinghouse Electric and Manufacturing Company and fourteen foreign electric companies to bar Zenith products from world markets. Westing-house and the other companies (including Phillips of Holland and British, Australian, German, French, and Scandinavian concerns) were named as co-conspirators, not defendants. British United Press. Foreign news in brief Nearly four thousand people have died of cholera in Bihar this summer. The number of deaths in Saturday night's rail crash near Nimes, France, was given yesterday as 26.

Twenty-three people were drowned when a ferry-boat captized at Wondong Harbour. South-west Korea. Fog grounded all aircraft at Le Bourget airport, Paris, for five and a half hours yesterday morning Mrs Eleanor Roosevelt, who is in Moscow, yesterday called on the Foreign Minister, Mr Gromyko, and had a conversation lasting almost an hour. Dr S. Radhakrishnan, vice-president of India, arrived at Nompenh, Cambodia, yesterday, on a three-week goodwill tour of S.E.

Asia and China. Unions and the management of She French railways met yesterday for talks aimed at averting a threatened strike for higher wages. They will meet again on Thursday. Two young amateur frogmen have discovered a wreck they believe is tbe treasure-laden Dutch trader Vergulde Draeck which struck a reef and sank off the Western Australian coast in 1656. Rrutrr, Brillih Vnilid rrtn, and Anodalti rrtu.

A german newspaper of world renown. THREAT TO PORTS OF THE WORLD Possible melting- of polar ice-caps more solid behind them, and it was announced with a flourish that extracts from the report would be published. Nepszabadsag." the party newspaper, set to with a will, and summarised the first ten chapters of the report in some fiftv sentences. Nor was the reader allowed 1o judge this "summary" for himself, for the summary turned out in effect to be a commentary U.S. INDICTS COUPLE AS SOVIET SPIES Now behind Iron Curtain New York, Sepi-embfr 9.

Mrs Martha Dodd Stem and her husband, Alfred, were indicted by a Federal Grand Jury in New York to-day for alleged conspiracy to commit espionage for Russia. Mrs Stern is the daughter of the late William Dodd, United States Ambassador in Berlin from 1933 to 1938. If tried and convicted they could be sentenced to death, but they have left the United States and were last heard of last month in Prague where they denied that they were Russian spies. The Federal Government alleges that they were members of a spy ring recently revealed by Mr Boris Morros, the Russian-born film producer, in Congressional testimony. A Federal prosecutor.

Mr Paul Williams, said hope of bringing them to face the Court now seems to have vanished." Reuter and British United Press WARSAW TRIAL POSTPONED Warsaw. September 9. The opening of the Warsaw trial of three former leading security officials has been postponed until next Monday, it was announced to-day. The trial Is expected to produce some sensational testimony about the crimes of the secret police during the Stalinist period in Poland, but it is not yet clear how much will be publicly disclosed. Foreign correspondents will not be admitted to the court.

The three men are Roman Romkow-ski, former Deputy Minister of Public Security, and Anatol Rejgm and Jozef Rozanski, former high officiali, in the Ministry. Reuter. FOR YOU AT AGE 55 Men or women age 45 or under (sons and daughters loo) by setting aside regularly the required monthly, half-yearly or yearly amounts under this SUN LIFE OF CANADA plan can, for example, receive a lump sum at age 55 4,315 for men or 4.852 for womeil or a private income for life of 264 a year. Any accumulated dividends would be paid in addition. If you are somewhat older than 45 now, the' fruits of your saving would come at, say.

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I should like to know more about your plan as advertised without incurring any obligation. NAME (Mr Miss) ADDRESS Occupation 1 Exact date of birth MC 10957 Toronto, September 9. Delegates to the assembly of the International Union of Geodesy and Geopliysics to-day opened a special symposium on the carbon dioxide cycle, which, it is thought, could lead to the flooding of coastal cities and ports by A.p. 2000. The threat arises from the amount of carbon dioxide being poured into the atmosphere through ever-increasing industrialisation, from factory chimneys and the exhaust pipes of vehicles.

Carbon dioxide in the atmosphere absorbs heat given oft by the earth and oceans. It is estimated that 20 per cent more carbon dioxide will be added to the atmosphere within the next hundred years. The result.ng rise in temperature may be enough to melt the polar ice caps even more (they are already melting at the fate of about two feet a year) and with an abnormal rise in temperature level of the oceans could rise about five feet by the end of the century. Value of radio-isotopes Paris, September 9. More than a thousand scientists from 79 nations met in Paris to-day for an eleven-day conference to discuss the use of radio-isotopes In scientific research.

Opening the conference, Sir John Cockcroft, director of the Atomic Energy Research Establishment at Harwell, said that the importance of radio-isotope techniques in agricultural and Industrial fields will rival nuclear power itself for their benefits to humanity." He added The large radio-active sources which are becomine available, especially from.