The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 13

13 THE GUARDIAN Thursday October 28 1971' Bored into Europe PETER JENKINS years. Not only has it failed to convince but it has failed to Uf: the argument out of the ruck of past disillusionment and disappointment. The Government cannot be said to have put its case brilliantly. Instead of presenting it as a new adventure in a new world the Government for too long gave the impression that unfinished business was being belatedly completed. Mr Heath's rock-like conviction has provoked rather than inspired.

His first 16 months of office have given an unfortunate impression of what life might be like for Britain in Europe all cold shower and no warm towel. Yet the shortcomings of the great debate, its lack of spirit and imagination, almost clinch the argument another decade of such defensive bearable. So what shall we say on October 2S. 1971 That the British people have been bored into Europe a member of a community of nations is taken to preclude the use of tools necessary to construct the Socialist society. The Right hankers after the open seas, freedom from continental entanglements, the White Commonwealth, and a vague notion of some national genius for going it alone.

In both cases joinh. the Common Market is seen as the next step in our national decline. But both arguments refuse to face the extent to which we have fallen behind economically and lost the ability to play an influentially independent role in the world. The Socialist order has not materialised and national regeneration has not come about both alternatives are at once nostalgic and millennialist. The economic case for membership has suffered under the scrutiny of the great debate.

Few are left to argue with any conviction that membership will ensure have taken it too much for granted that the movement for European unity will develop continuously along a virtuous course. The medium term view has been squeezed between the heavy extremes of the debate. Realignments are taking place in the world and they present us with practical choices. In our insularity we have exaggerated the historic nature of our choice and failed to appreciate the historic changes which other nations are having to make in a period of international upheaval. The Prime Minister saw the challenge of this state of flux in his conference speech at Brighton.

The choice is to play a greater or a lesser role in the construction of the post-war international system. The great debate has been a bit of a flop. Its object was to win the full-hearted consent of the people for something aimed at over 10 VyHO has won the "great debate," not as measured by tonight's votes in Parliament but on the merits of the argument Certainly the Government, the Labour Europeans," and the pro-Market lobbies have failed to engender positive enthusiasm among the pablic. To that extent the arguments have been lost, and the verdict must be "not proven." At the same time, there is wide public acceptance1 of the inevitability of membership and a grudging concession that it may be in the national interest. Therefore the first and most striking outcome of the great debate is that nobody in all the millions of words spoken and written on the subject has convincingly established an alternative.

The obvious alternative to joining has always been the a better growth performance. What was earlier seen as a calculated risk is now more generally regarded as a gamble. Against specific arguments backed bv calculations, that the balance of payments costs, higher food prices, diversions of trades and structural effects (notably as they may affect the regions), will make it more difficult to achieve faster growth we are lert with elan, the trust in change and challenge themselves as stimulants of growth. Another feature of the great debate has been the tendency to take either excessively short or excessively long views. Static calculations have been set against dynamic expectations.

The antis have argued on the one hand that the European Community is an obsolete creation of the fifties, stuck in its wicked ways, and on the other hand that federalism is just around the corner. The pro's simple one of not joining. But that leaves unsolved all the problems which have troubled the country for the past ten years or more. The elixir of economic growth has eluded us. International retrenchment has been forced upon us as the Commonwealth has withered economically and politically and as the United States have become increasingly aware of our limitations and weaknesses as an Atlantic partner and we have found it impossible to sustain even a post-imperial world role.

None of these problems looks likely to be solved by carrying on in the old way and the case for staying out is at best the case for choosing the lesser of two evils. At both extremes of the argument the alternatives put forward have been unconvincing. The Left hankers for democratic socialism in one country. The sacrifice of sov-reignty implicit in becoming Keepin Can Parliament cope with the legislation Michael Lake reports show on the THE House of Commons runs by consent. One of the manifestations of this consent is the usual channels through which the party whips consult in order to keep the show on the road in spite of apparently ineradicable friction on the floor of the House.

This happened over the recent Industrial Relations Bill because, even Jf Labour opposed the Bill, they recognised that the Government had a mandate. The distinction being made about the Government's attempt to drive legislation through the House to adapt British laws to those of the EEC is that it is being done against the wishes of a majority of the public and. more important, without a mandate. European legislation is (a) constitutional and (b) unprecedented and so must be taken on the floor of the House, as the Industrial Relations Bill was. The third alternative is to start jettisoning proposed legislation in other fields.

Among the Bills due are Housing (subsidies). Commercial Radio. Reform of Local Government, and Criminal Justice. The first casualty could be the Reform of Local Government which is something Labour had to drop in the late forties and which many Tories oppose today. especially Tory councillors.

Rasically, the Government needs to legislate Britain into a position where it can ratify the Treaty of Accession by January 1. 1973. All legisla- teers will become more and more intense. One of the tests will be the Government's Bill to introduce Value Added Tax. Some think Mr White-law will want to put this before the House and get it over with before Christmas.1 Whatever the timing.

Labour would normally be expected to be unanimously opposed to it. Even Mr Jenkins has spoken of his dislike of VAT. But in order to get into Europe we have to adopt VAT If the pro-Marketeers oppose VAT, we cannot join the Common Market and the Heath Government might fall. This is the sort of horrible dilemma which is going to make parliamentary life so interesting net year. i SOELLANY Unsafely slow Stuttgart, Wednesday Ian Breach on crash concern and the British road tion which has an internal effect in this country must be put into effect before we ratify.

A British team in Brussels and departmental experts are still working out what is necessary and what is not, and the odds are that the Lord President of the Council, Mr William White-law, is getting conflicting advice. Even so he must ask himself whether or not to pare down the legislation to the bare bones, and delegate the consequential legislation to Departments to bring before the House during the next few years as necesary, or whether or not it is tidier and safer to take on board the whole lot at once. The latest prediction is that there will he two Bills. top half-doen in the world needs high motivation to carry on the study of opening training sessions both chosMcal and physical, and hours of analysis of unfinished games that arc essential chores for any player on the international chess circuit The greatest spur is to be world champion and in the past few months Fischer's rivals have seen their hopes and years of work evaporate. If Fischer beats Spassky next spring, he is votni" enough now at 28 to stav at the top till 1980 or 1985.

looks likely that more time will be spent arguing prostitution. Why Too much heat on narcotics, he said. People with guns could kill other people, including policemen. And prostitutes are untrustworthy, they give people up," he said. Upward striving was, in these men's terms, striving to get into the detective ranks, where the pay-offs were higher.

Droge recalled how one of the fellows who had entered Police Academy with him was thrilled with becoming a plainclothesman because he was excited tfiat he was now on the pad." The pad is the regula- sum paid to officers for ignoring illegal activities. After his new probation period among the plain-clothesmen, that officer was to receive 800 dollars a month as his share of the pad." Regulations Almost all industries involved in dealing with the public in New York, the legal as well as illegal ones, end up paying off the cops. The commission is trying to show that bribe opportunities are created by the thousands upon thousands of minuscule regulations that fill the lawbooks. Bars, restaurants, and cabarets pay off because they want police help if patrons fight on the premises. They also pay off because they want the arrest record to show the fight was outside the primisea, the The Government will argue that it has a mandate; indeed, had Labour won the election they would have argued the same.

But the majority of the Labour Party now claims that the Tories had a mandate only t.i negotiate term, not to steamroller the countrv into Europe There is, therefore, a lot of hair-raising talk anit-Marketeers on both sides of the House of a breakdown of the rules of consent, especially if parts of the harmonising legislation go upstairs to committee The anti-Marketeers point out that two went White Papers received Parliamentary support in of three figures the reform of the House of Lords and Mrs Barbara Castle's Place of Strife." Both subsequently can now with modification withstand higher speeds with remarkable improvement, and leave their occupants alive. A erica satety vehicles, models oi which have been on display look disappointingly like attempts to lit new lech-nulgv to old roinlorecd heavily-padded, lengthened bv hydraulic bumpers, fitted ith roof-mounted periscopes (to see over the head restraints), and air bag equipment for all passengers, thev are still over the nominal 4.000 lb weight limit laid down in the ESV programme. This will be brought down, but the price, many fear, will be painfully high, and one questioner today suggested that the programme should be providing an opportunity to rethink basic automobile styling in order to make safety available at the lowest possible cost. Interested Nevertheless, these cars the AMF and Faircluld-Hiller prototypes will be going a long way to meeting the requirements now written into American law and set down by the US Department of Transportation. The requirement concentrates on a 4,000 lb.

car because this is more commonly the weight of American vehicles, but the US Government is obviously interested in further work on cars of half this weight, characteristic of European cars and US imports. A change in both public and -corporate "attitudes has taken place, it seems. Douglas Toms, head of the National Highways Safety Adnunstra-tion (funded by the UoT) said on Tuesday. "'People have suddenly realised that you can have safety and they want it." If this is true of Britain, too, it is a pity-that the feeling cannot be lent stronger official support from our Government and our industry. CORRUPTION among New York City's doI icemen is so common that it has become as institutionalised as any corporate structure, complete with apprenticeships, probation periods, do-and-don't guidelines, upward striving, commissions.

Christmas bonuses, severance pay. and even retirement benefits. And the monev for all this corporate finance is coming from the regular businesses that operate in New York City. That is the outline etched before public hearings of a commission investigating allegations of corruption within the army that is New York's Police Department It is also clear, from the first of two weeks of testimony before the Knapp Commission (named for its chairman, the Wall Street lawyer Whitman Knapp), that the policemen involved do not feel they have sinned. Their sin lay in being caught.

After one admittedly corrupt policeman, Edward F. Droge, testified that all but two of the 70 patrolmen in his precinct had been on the take, he said because a cop takes money, there is no inference he isn't a good cop." Another corrupt officer, William R. Phillips, said his fellow officers and he said all of them accepted graft The first will be a short enabling Bill the second will be much longer and will provide for the harmonisation of British laws to Community rules. The straightforward enabling legislation must go through if we are to join the Common Market. The House must, for instance delegate certain powers to tax, to legislate and right of appeal to the Community.

Much of the harmonising legislation is simply the adoption of existing EEC rules. The House of Commons cannot amend them they can be changed only in Brussels. There will, nevertheless, be a great guerrilla battle, on procedural motions if on nothing else. In this situation the pressure on Labour's pro-Marke about the venue for the Spassky v. Fischer 24-game match than actually playing it.

One solution is for the fir.st half of the match to be played in the challenger's country ar.d the second half in the champion's. Thp Russians are backpedalling on this idea, apparently because they fear that Fischer could build up a winning lead in America. One cannot vvrile off Spassky, who was himself twice a convincing winner in the Candidates' match series Spassky and it is amors believe that the way to combat his tendency to laaness ami stow starts is lo get him in high gear at the beginning of a match. Last year Spassky spent nine months without a serious game, but this summer he has started his warm-up for Fischer with tournaments Sweden and Canada as well as with games for his club in the Russian team championship. Spassky's results and play have been unimpressive compared with Fischer's, hut this is probably part of the long-term Soviet plan to bring the champion to peak form next spring.

Uneasy Spassky's crown sits uneasy ai the moment, hut the title match will resemble a clash of two mighty armies and we are still at the preliminary skirmishes. Spassky has his own grandmaster psychologist, a.s well as opening expert' and adjournment specialists. Fischer will have United States Chess Federation President Ed Kdmond.son to keep his prima donna nets in restraint and ai range for Fischer's frequent changes of hotel room. In Britain, chess analysts Robert Wade and Les Mack-stock will provide for Fischer a complete file of Spassky's games and opening preferences as they did for Fischer's other opponents. Millionaire I.

STurovcr will offer Fischer an extra bonus if he wins, while Spasskv may be defending not only his title but his private Central Moscow Hal and his Volvo. Match of the Century is easy hyperbole for international events, but this one should be justified. not inside (which would endanger their liquor licences). Construction firms pay olf because there are so many-building code specifications that any policeman couid easily find some sort of violation. Hotels pay off (by offering free food and free rooms) to preserve their liquor licences, to try to make sure that robberies or other ugly incidents on the premises end up being reported as happening somewhere else.

Cab fleets pay off to avoid being harassed for traffic offences. Garages pay off to avoid being prosecuted for parking cars too long on a street, or for repairing a vehicle on a sidewalk. Tow truck operators pay off to get business referrals from accidents, and to keep from being harassed by the police for the myriad regulations that apply to them. Supermarkets pay off so that they'll get better police protection, and for police escorts when they take receipts to the bank. Cheque-cashing operations pay off so that police will keep a special eye out for them.

And on and on. These, of course, are only the legal businesses. The big money in pay-offs comes from the illegal ones, involving gambling, prostitution, and narcotics. These are expected to be examined more cjosely In future hearings. Washington POflt.

failed to pass the House In detail. The aim is a filibuster, which will take up so much time that the Government will be unable to get the legislation through the House in time for membership of the EEC on January 1, 1973, and to force a general election. Given the Opposition's, determination to waste time, the Government has three alternatives they can guillotine or they can get as much of the legislation as possible upstairs in committee. Both of these moves will be dangerous since the entire Opposition, pros and antis, and the Liberals, and a number of Sir Gerald Xaharro's anti-Heath rebels, would oppose the guillotine and would argue that the IlKSS ir Russia is more popular than any other game bar soccer so for an American to win the world title will be for many Russians a moment of truth. Hobby Fischer's resounding win over Tigran Petrosian in their final eliminator in Huenos Aires has lett Boris Spassky, the reigning champion who won the title from Petrosian in as the last line of defence of a Soviet monopoly which began with Rotvinnik in 194S Fischer won his first US Open title at 14 and was already a world championship contender at His grades in high school, where he was a dropout at Hi.

reflected an obsession with chess rather than lack of ability; one class mate recalls Bobby's IQ as 1S4. lie could already be world champion but for a nnma donna history of quarrels with opponents and organisers which put him into virtual retirement for most of the lflfiOs. In private. Bohby is more restrained and cautious; he regards himself as the best chess player living or dead but reckons Spassky as a tough and worthy opponent Startled Fischer's derisive match wins (fi-O, 6-0 and now ')-2i against Petrosian) have startled and confused chess experts who reckon that at this level of play at least half the games arc usually drawn. Yuri Averbakh, one of Petrosian's analysts, described Fischer as having Some strange magnetic influence.

When Mark Tai-manov, Bobby's first 0-0 victim, returned to Moscow, he was blamed for lack of effort and there was serious discussion in the Soviet Chess Federation's Central Committee as to whether he should be deprived of his grandmaster title and the 300 roubles monthly salary that goes with it. Personal charisma plays its part in chess tournaments and even more so in individual matches Some opponents of Dr Laskcr. who hold the world championship for a record period, spoke of his hypnotic gaze Another rival, were excellent, trustworthy policemen Such corruption is perhaps inevitable in any city large enough for a policeman and his activities to go unrecognised. And New York, being as diverse as it is, provides many opportunities for unnoticed activity. The system starts when a rookie patrolmen first comes on the force.

No instructors at the Police Academy, according to the officers, warn recruits about corruption. When the rookies first hit the streets, they are told by veteran officers where to cop a meal on the arm free and where to cop free drinks. That was the beginning for both Phillips and Droge. Respect Then comes the first payoff. For Droge, it came when an experienced officer took 10 dollars not to arrest a drunken driver, and the older officer gave five dollars of it to Droge.

There was a silent understanding," Droge testified, as to what the five dollars was for." He had said earlier that he Joined the force because I had always looked up to police officers with great respect and thought I would like to receive some of that respect." But he said later that his self-respect ended with the five dollar. fiolibj Leonard Harden on Bobby Fischer Prince pawn AT THE halfway point in the second International Experimental Safety Vehicle Conference, the delegate from Britain's Road Research Laboratory rose to speak. Realistic standards were more difficult to establish for primary safety than for secondary safety, said our man on tho podium. A foreign delegate sitting nearby put it into his own words It's easier to understand accidents after they've happened than before." There was no note of derision, just mild surprise thai this might be the best the British could do. In a programme of exhaustively documented presentations by the American and German car manufacturers on their progress with making a safe vehicle, the RRL contribution looked decidedly ill at ease.

Old statistics, some of them dating back to Mrs Castle's day as Minister of Transport, repeatedly qualified by the apology that thev were unfortunately based on small samples, sort oddly with the advances now in train elsewhere The balance is not redressed with a commercially made film, introduced by a black bottom melody, showing seat belt systems that wete old when the first ESV met last winter. Energetic To be fair, most manufacturers represented here would willingly admit that there is a fund of statistical evidence missing from their research, but the larger companies are engaged in empirical research of an energetic, not to say violent nature. And they are getting Baboons in 120 mph crashes arc. happy to report. walking away from the wreckage alter being protected by the latest American air bag sy stem German small saloons that caved in as far as the rear scats at 50 mph impact with solid barriers Cop in the till New York, Wednesday Stephen Isaacs on police corruption mons vote.

Ue will be there and counted in the Opposi? turn lobby. Cheering news for the party Whips, less impressive for the rampant Left on the National Executive. Led by the transport and cngiueei nu unions, they are plotting still to unseat Pad-ley when he comes up for le-election next month as Ch.urm.ui of the International Committee. A i hance for Dcn'is Hcaley, Shadow Foreign Secretary? No. actually.

Their nival candidate is that other authority on international affairs. Joe C.ormley, President of the National Union of Mineworkers. Off limits A bothersome: fly on Ceoirrey Rippon's windscreen. Whatever else happens after tonight's Common Market vote, I IMG has been working on the assumption that Hi-dam would be able to sign the Treaty of Rome before the end of this year. it is, after all, four months since the toast was pledged in Luxembourg champagne.

But in fact the i.egoliations are far from settled. There are still the Fishermen of England (not to mention Scotland and Wales). And the latest sounding among Rippon's bargaining team suggests that there is hardly enough time left between and Christmas. Into 1972 for the year of destiny. Careless talk PLAGUED by complaints of corruption against CID officers (about 15 detectives are before the courts in London and nearly 60 more are under investigation throughout the country), Scotland Yard has ordered its 3.000 detectives not to associate with underworld informers without first getting the approval of a senior officer.

The Commissioner, Sir John Waldron, has also warned them off contacts with the wicked press. Not only does too liaison with the underworld lead to complaints against the police, but too much chat with reporters leads to such complaints getting into the public prints. So, at least, it seems to their elders and betters. The detectives take the nenf orders less blandly. Having to arrange "official" contact with informers, they argue, will make their task harder.

Not being able to talk to the press, one said last night, is treating us like naughty boys." Bear market THE TRIAL of "OZ." back for a limited season the Appeal Court next week; has started something. London report a boom in Rupert Bear, hero of the Daily Express and mascot of the Underground. Selfridges, girding for the Christmas rush ana embracing the half-term trade, 'say the sale of bendy Ruperts is up 100 per cent on this time last year. Cuddly bears are up 70 per cent, and Rupert soap a huge 300 per cent (a promising sign). John Lewis confirm the pattern.

They're even bringing out a Rupert teatawef. something they haveht ventured since the; great Winnie, the Pooh one has offered Richard Neville a seat on the board. Yet Hidden premises TIM UKTHlsRlNCTOX. the voting conciliation officer sacked last month by tin-Race Relations Re, ml. is troubling his old employers The Hoard is seeking an injunction the High Court tomorrow to stop him making polemical use of inlonna-tion obtained while In- was working on job discrimination at head office.

It also wants to prevent him entering the Hoard's premises. Since Race Today," the Institute of Race Relations' glossy monthly, published his contentious article. Iletherington has continued writing and broadcasting about the Hoard's presumed failings Things came to a head when Hie Hoard learnt thai Race Today was plan mg to publish a second piece next week. The follow-up article, whi-'h nothoi'ington will take a more positive line (what the Board can do to improve its performance), includes a number of ease lusloiies, naming the alleged discriminators. The Hoard was shown a copy, so that it could have a right of reply Instead, it threatened a writ unless the ease histories were removed.

The paper's editor, Sandy Klrbv. duly deleted John Lyttle. the board's chief officer, says It is not trying to stop Hethorineton criticising It. What it does want to do is prevent him using information given to the board in confidence by the parties to complaints. Hither way, Iletherington saw bis lawyer yesterday and says he will fight the Injunction'.

IS SKIPPER TED lonhina for a parliamentary berth nearer the Solent Ilii present teat, Perley. succumb In reorganisation before the next qvncial election Where docs he qo from there Cenrqc Pearson, a Cnnscrrative councillor in Chrhtclittrch. has hiouqht rumour to earth with a thud-(linq appeal to his felloirs to bear in mind that your next MP minht be Ted Jlcnlli." Nothinq firm. Pearion insiss-" A trifle of smoke, but ijo evidence of a complete pre A rumour, you minht say. no bigger than a morning cloud.

Altar boy IN THE TANGLE and turmoil of Labour politics, virtue may not now be enough. Walter Padley, former Minister of State at the Foreign Office. Is a longstanding Marketeer. But he has let it be known that he is putting party before Europe in tonight's Coin- Padley unrewarded 1 more practical if equally disgruntled, ascribed his defeat to the pungent odour of Laskor's cigars. For Fischer, too, magnetism has a physical quality.

Over feet tall, he marches rather than walks round the tournament room and at the board he literally exudes appetite. A major chore of the US captain at the last world team championship was to keep Fischer supplied with bottles of apfelsaft. Apart from Fischer's personality, other psychological factors help to explain Fischer's heavy defeats of i in a Lar.scn, and Petiosian. Any player in the That first five-dollar bribe came, however, after the older ofheers had talked with him, had tested him, had put him through a probationary period to see whether he would go along with the graft system. After that he started his apprenticeship, learning from these older officers who would pay off regularly At this point you would be anxious to find out what contracts, if any, existed in your which gamblers would give you five dollars or 10 dollars for not arresting them, for not harassing their customers, which tow truck operators would pay you for directing business to them.

Once a part of the group, the young officer would become involved in regular pick-ups, for himself and for other officers. Phillips and Droge followed some guidelines. They avoided accepting bribes from motorists they had stopped for driving violations because the amount of such bribes isn't worth the risk. Droge explained that officers who do accept such bribes first carefully size up the driver to make sure he or she isn't a public official trying to trap them. Phillips, the 14-year veteran of corruption, told how he learned years ago from older officers to steer clear of narcotics bribes, gun bribes, and.