The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 9

THE GUARDIAN TUESDAY MAY 31 1960 9 GAULLISTS' SUCCESS Low polls in Algeria From our own Correspondent Paris, May 30. Candidates supporting President Restoration rather than revolution PRIDE OF TURKS IN REASSERTING TRADITION OF ATATURK From MICHAEL ADAMS Ankara, May 30. The coup detat in Turkey which has brought down the Government of President Bayar and his Prime Minister, Adnan Menderes, is at first sight only the latest in a depressingly long line of military movements against the tyranny, the corruption, or the plain incompetence of civilian regimes in the Middle East. But just because one's instinct is to lump it together with the earlier revolutions in Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Pakistan it is important to point out the difference between this essentially conservative movement and the revolutionary tide which has been sweeping through the Moslem world during the past decade. II fill" 1 1 miii I mi I market U4Wf 2L- Republican party, of which the Democratic party was a later offshoot.

Neither of them challenges the basic President Nasser and those who followed in his footsteps in other Arab and Asian countries found themselves living under systems of government which, for one reason or another, were unequal to the tasks confronting them in the modern world, and rather than try to reform them they overthrew them altogether and set their countries on new courses. Corruption ine leauers uie xumisu niuif rurKey's dependability as an allv in movement have done 3ust the the cold war nor, indeed, is it" the opposite faithful to the system of expression of any considerable government prevailing in the country difference of opinion over domestic but believing that those in power were policy corrupting and distorting it to serve Under the regime which has st their own selfish ends, they have collapsed Turkey was a reliable-intervened not to destroy the system indeed a crucial member of N.A.T.O. but to restore and set it beyond the and Cento, and she was making reach of personal ambition impressive headway with some, though In fairness to Mr Menderes (and not a)1, of the problems of internal to President Bayar who was generally development. (The Opposition Repub-considered to be the real strong man llcan part cntlclsed the Government of the regime) it should be said that for concentrating too much on extrava-the game of politics as played in gant public works proiects and of Turkey has always been a rough one. negiecting the education of Turkey's The Sultans in the old days garrotted iargely literate peasant population, their enemies, and sometimes their own relations, and dropped them into Youth and Armv JUST IN CASE OF ANOTHER ACCIDENT TIDE TURNING AGAINST KENNEDY? No hope of Lyndon Johnson's strong challenge From Max Freedman Washington, May 30.

should make his position clear beyond Senator Lyndon Johnson, who has dispute and beyond ambiguity. the Bosporus in sacks. Mustafa Kemal, when he destroyed Ol. the imperial Government and about creating the new Turkey, was less colourful in his methods but equally ruthless. But Kemal, who i i jU.

inSfJiSw- tk of with the seemingly impossible task of regenerating a nation which had been in decline for 200 years and which had just received what seemed to be the coup de grace in 1918. Dismemberment His justification lay in the fact that only the most desperate measures could save a country which its enemies had already started to dismember. (The Treaty of Sevres, signed in 1920 by the last of the Sultans, not only recognised the independence of all the Kennedy has chosen to go out into the COuntry to collect additional delegate votes. It is Senator Johnson's belief that Senator Kennedy's "band wagon is slowing down and can now definitely agreement CYPRUS DEADLOCK From our Correspondent Nicosia, May 30. All hopes of an independent Cyprus this year have now faded.

For it is quite apparent that even if complete agreement had been reached, last week's coup in Turkey would have made it impossible for all parties to complete the signing of agreements before the parliamentary recess. However that is merely an academic point for there has not been and is not likely to be any such agreement as exchanges over the week-end between Archbishop Makarios and British spokesman have shown. Although the gap between the two sides is declared narrow, there is no hope of closing, it short of a miraculous change of heart from either side. Mr Amery has said many times that he is prepared to sit and wait. But it seems that the Archbishop is in no mood for further bargaining and he is waiting in vain.

de Gaulle seem to have won about two-thirds of the seats in the Algerian county council elections the integrationists are strongest in the Algiers Department, with about a third of the seats. But it must be remembered that at most 58 per cent of the voters went to the polls. In Algiers itself the integrationist list of Mme Lagaillarde won 85 per cent of the votes in the central ana predominantly European quarter of the town, where however, only 51 per cent of the voters went to the polls. Here was the one notable personal vietorv. won on behalf of Mme Lagaillarde's imprisoned husband for a "French Algeria," ana against tne even more extreme leadership, now largely anonymous, of those who had led the insurrection and now recommended abstention.

But in the Casbah, the densely crowded old Moslem quarter lying alongside the European district where "Babette" won her votes, another school of abstentionism the Moslem nationalists won an even greater battle. Only 29 per cent of the Moslems defied the recommendation not to vote and this in the most closely policed urban area in all Algeria. Army's part The areas where polling was heaviest seem with few exceptions to be those under strongest army control The Moslem voter is beginning, to understand the resources of the voting technique. In a number of constituencies, the voters came to the-polls, but in considerable numbers used blank voting sheets. Comparatively few voters seem to have been aware in previous elections that they could take a white voting sheet as well as those bearing the candidates' names into the polling booths.

In Guelma, 7,000 of the 19,000 voting papers were blank. This device enabled the voter to satisfy both the French demand that he should go to the polls, and the FXJJ. demand that if he did, he shoufld vote blank. In all Algeria, the constituency with the lowest vote 10 per cent was the home town of M. Ferhat Abbas, prime minister." The original hope Miat the county council elections would bring to the top a new class of local notables willing to take part in the affairs of an autonomous Algeria, has scarcely been fulfilled, since many of the elected county councillors were already elected to municipal councils last year, and in some cases to Parliament.

Some of the men now elected for the President's policy as most recently defined, meekly accepted at the earlier stage an integrationist policy when it was taken for granted that this would be that of the new regime. It is not therefore a very impressive political elite for the time being. But this obscure electoral performance made it clear that there is not a majority in Algeria for its remaining as part of France. In many cases at least, voting for President de Gaulle means putting more hope in him than in any one else available to put Algeria on to the path of self-government. 1 i i W.3 principles on which he founded the Turkish republic, which was to be secular, egalitarian, progressive, renouncing all dreams of loreign imperialism, and allying itself firmly with the West.

To-day, more than twenty years after Ataturk's death this basic unity still prevails, and the bitter struggle that has sprung up between the TiartlPK tn Tin Wnv Pallc int niTactinn But the Government was losins not only the sympathy but also the confi- .1 to whom Ataturk had bequeathed the legacy of leading Turkey forward to the goals which he envisaged for it especially those some education. and the Army, both of which occupy special positions in the eyes of the Turkish peoDie. The Army was Ataturk own creation, the instrument with which he retrieved the country from degradation and despair and through which he restored the nation's chance of integrity and its will to live. But it was to the youth of the country that he looked to complete his work, tor he rrttr t-haf IVipra wflrp limits tn what hp could do wjth the generation that had Er0wn ut under the Sultans in a RACE SPECTATORS KILLED Grandstand collapses Indianapolis, May 30. Two people were killed when a crowded makeshift grandstand, 30ft.

high, collapsed before the start of the Indianapolis 500-mile race here to-day, knocking other spectators oil a near-by parked lorry like ninepins." At least fifty were injured. They were taken to the track hospital, some for treatment of serious injuries. The scaffolding had been erected by spectators. An estimated 200,000 people lined the track as the 33 cars started the race, which counts towards the world drivers' championships. Jim Rathmann won the race for the first time, passing Roger Ward, last year's winner, only seven and a half miles from the finish.

Ward came in second, and Paul Goldsmith was third. British United Press and Reuler Turkish dominions outside Anatolia COuntry steeped in the inertia of but handed over substantial areas of centuries Western and Southern Anatolia to xo their sons and their sons' sons he Greece, Italy, and France, and created ieft the task of bringing Turkey an Armenian republic in the East.) forward into a sun-tit landscape of Ataturk achieved his miracle. He freedom and prosperity a landscape organised a peasant army out of the which he himself as a fighter and beaten Ottoman levies, drove out the an autocrat might not have been various Allied armies of occupation wholly at ease but which he foresaw (the British, in Constantinople, were as the ultimate reward for the people the last to withdraw), and then turned whom he had set free his attention to Turkey's internal problems. He deposed the puppet Buoyant mood Sultan, abolished the Caliphate, set up It was this that Menderes and a republic and proceeded to turn the Bavar endangered, and it was the fact whole fabric of the State upside down that it had ganed reality for enough until he had created the elements of of the Turkish people that undid them, a modern State place of the corrupt The students who demonstrated in and ramshackle bureaucracy of the Ankara and Istanbul against the Ottomans. repressive legislation of the Menderes These extraordinary achievements, GovermT1ent fe't themselves to be compressed into the space of fifteen actmg in the tradition of Ataturk.

years (the republic was proclaimed in The Army coming to their support 1923 and by 1938 Ataturk was dead) last week had the same inspiration-would have been impossible without a and the the Turkish people, combination of insight, dynamism, and wnatever their party affiliation, could absolute ruthlessness they left no not but recognise the validity of a room for numamtariamsm or senti- movement which traced its descent so mentality. We may regret this, but from the founder of modern the Turks, whom Ataturk drove harder xurkev than awone has ever driven an For "Yhe moment the buoyant mood oriental people in modern times, the Turkish people seems rooted in forgive his harshness and revere his trjejr pricie at tne fact that when the memory. To them he remains quite testing time came the traditions of simply, and without any possible Ataturk were reasserted and bv the rival, the father of modern Turkey. very sections of Turkish society in d.0; nrnlv which Ataturk had his trust. Ddsil unity It up tQ those who now stand This loyalty to Ataturk has been in the anteroom of power General the saving factor in the hurly-burly Inonu and his Republican party of Turkish politics.

Each of the main followers to behave with sufficient political parties claims descent from moderation to ensure that the tradition Ataturk, who, indeed, founded the is not endangered again. Exit permit for Rhee KOREAN PROTESTS Seoul, May 30. The Prosecutor's office to-night arrested Cho Inku, South Korean Chief of Police during the April uprising, in connection with police shooting of demonstrators. About 180 people were killed during the anti-Rhee uprising. More than a thousand college students demonstrated to-day in the city of Taegu against the decision of the interim Government to grant an exit permit to Dr Synghman Rhee, the former President, who flew to Hawaii yesterday.

They carried placards declaring that Dr Rhee should not have been allowed to leave the country until investigations into the mistakes of his regime had been completed. In the National Assembly the acting President, Mr Huh Chung, said the main reason the Government had arranged for Dr Rhee'e flight was that there had been indications that some pro-Rhee elements might start political movments to restore him to the Presidency "in violation of the spirit of the April revolution." The second reason was the ex-I'resident's health. The Government would ask the United States to extradite Dr Rhee from Hawaii if and when it became necessary. Dr Rhee had told him before leaving that he would return to South Korea, but did not say when. The Assembly to-day passed a new national security law eliminating all undemocratic clauses in the old security law, including provisions which subjected to punishment those responsible for unfounded news reports and slanders against the President, the Speaker of the National Assembly, and the chief justice.

The new law retains clauses designed to protect South Korea from Communist activities. Reuter. Unions disagree on call for 24-hr. rail strike From our own Correspondent Paris, May 30. The two most important of the railway unions the Communist-led C.G.T.

(important for its numbers) and the autonomous engine-drivers' union (important for its members' key position) have ordered a 24-hour strike beginning at midnight. The Socialist-led F.O. has rallied to this decision but the Roman Catholic- led C.F.T.C. has called upon its members to remain at work. When the railwaymen's claims came near to causing recurrent strikes of eight hours almost a year ago, the C.F.T.C.

showed itself distinctly more comba tant than the F.O. On this occasion however, the C.F.T.C. while insisting that the gradual application of an 11 per cent increase over the next two years as proposed by the railway authority, is too slow, does not reject altogether the proposed new salary layout, which the other trade unions think too favourable to senior ranks The C.F.T.C. also claims that negotiations are still progress. An.atfS nartiian wkinp wrwinal EnfTrf ME0 rtarri Vc "lu" and statements is reminding the American people that a display of national disunity in this time of anxiety could help no one but Mr Khrushchev.

His call for unity is winning applause from large Democratic rallies, but the biggest expression of J.hSn 1uuj teering to express regreis to Russia uvcl asserts that it is Khrushchev who Sliuuiu dUiugist; lor meaning up uitr conference and for insulting President Eisenhower. I- 1 Eenault Ltd. of the Dauphine Thanks to the resulting facilities, the Moreover a from France It means you come true delightful new NOW RENAULT announced that his name will be placed in nomination tor the presidency at the Democratic Con- vention in July, is making Senator Kennedy the chief target of his criticism. The Senate Leader has explained that he cannot at present become a declared candidate because his duties in Washington require him to make many decisions which would become more difficult if he became an avowed seeker of the presidential nomination. But he has been telling party leaders throughout the country that he not only will make a bid for the nomina tion but that in his judgment he will be the Democratic candidate in the Senator Johnson is criticising Senator Kennedy for his inexperience and youth, and for his willingness to express regrets to Mr Knrushcnev in order to save the Summit conference, An able young man, but Describing Senator Kennedy as an able and attractive young man," Senator Johnson said that the difhcult and accumulating problems facing the presidency demanded that the American people should shun a second-class leader.

He did not suggest that Senator Kennedy was second class but the inference was both plain and wounding Nor does Senator Johnson think that Senator Kennedy has thus far displayed a genius for winning elections. Senator Johnson comes from Texas and will have almost all the Southern votes with him on the first ballot at the nominating convention. His main appeal outside the South is addressed to the Far-Western states where he is at present on tour and where he is making enough of an impression to worry Senator Kennedy. In Washington there is great concern that Senator Kennedy has chosen to absent himself from the Senate Foreign Relations Committee hearing on the events which preceeded the Summit conference. It seems to many, observers that Senator Kennedy had an obligation, in view of his own comments, to make his position clear by interrogating the various witnesses before the committee and by his own independent comments on the evidence.

Some Republicans have accused Senator Kennedy of being willing to apply a policy of appeasement to save the Summit conference. No one familiar with Senator Kennedy's record would believe this charge but it is important that he Queen Mother back from Central African Federation to-day Queen Elizabeth the Queen Mother is due back at London Airport at 6 10 p.m. to-day from her three-week tour of the Federation of Rhodesia and Nyasaland, during which she opened the Kariba Dam. A crowd of 30,000 schoolchildren of all races cheered the Queen Mother when she arrived at the Salisbury showgrounds yesterday, the final day of her tour. The children put on a display of singing and dancing.

Later, standing in an open vehicle she inspected 2,280 members of the British South Africa Police. The Queen Mother was flying home last night after being guest of honour at a State banquet given by the Governor-ueneral, lord JJal- housie, at Government House. Reuter. CHIANG TAKES MONTY TO TASK Remarks while in China Taipeh, May 30. ihe kngLish-language newspaper China News to-day called Lord Montgomery a lunatic and said his next rendezvous should be with a auiet mental institution." In a bitter leading article entitled Monty, why don't you shut up the newspaper said the Field-Marshal's remarks in Hongkong were nothing but wails of a frustrated person who knows clearly he is a forgotten nian." His allegation while in Peking that "Formosa belongs to Red China brought distress to his own Government and scorn in Taipeh ana otner world capitals.

No Chinese-language Nationalist newspapers carried news of the Field-Marshal's visit to Peking. Reuter. enwlowpnce! are delighted to announce a reduction in the price Britain's biggest-selling imported car. tremendous demand for the Dauphine and the economies of volume sales and improved shipping price is now only 689.12.6 (including p.t.). steady stream of Dauphines is now being diverted to keep pace with the demand in this country.

can afford to stop wishing it means a dream has it means you need hardly wait at all now for your Dauphine at the delightful new low price. Vive la Dauphine! AGAINST NUDES Advice to the press Cairo, May 30. President Nasser, at his first briefing of the directors of newspapers taken over by the Government last week, has criticised caricatures of naked women and gossip stories about which woman runs after which man." Where was the usefulness of nude cartoons in building up our society He wanted the directors to consider the press as a mission and not merchandise." The press should write about real problems, such as those faced by outlying villagers. He went on "Our town is not one where they talk about this lady who was married, or that one who was repudiated, or the one who chased a man and the other who was abandoned for another. The question of which woman runs after which man does not interest me at all and does not interest the man in the village.

PersonaUy I would prefer that one should talk about working women and not that kind of women Those working women who go out every day to be able to eat a piece of bread with their sweat and who struggle with honour and courage for life." Too much importance should not be given to crime reporting. In publishing such reports, a lesson should be drawn from them. He urged the pressmen to make constructive criticism of the administration to uncover cases of bribery. He wanted the press to write about the Socialist democratic society that was being built. It was true there was no party life in that society, he said, for if there were party life the Communist party would emerge, based on dictatorship of the proletariat.

The National Union had attempted gradually to diminish the differences and contradictions within the society without the well-known bloody methods." Reuter. AFRICAN GUNMEN WOUND ASIAN COUPLE Dar-es-Salaam, May 30. Three African gunmen shot and wounded an Asian storekeeper and his wife to-day after he had filled their stolen car with petrol at a wayside filling station between Mbeya and Iringa, near the Rhodesian border. The man was taken to hospital with chest and arm wounds and wife was treated for a leg wound. The gunmen escaped.

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