The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 6

6 THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, SATURDAY, OCTOBER 16, 1943 THE FIVE U.S. Disturbed by SENATORS Reactions in Britain TRADE AFTER THE WAR Britain and U.S. MR. GARRO-JONES ON THE CHANGE-OVER Mr. G.

M. Garro-Jones. Parliamentary Secretary to the Ministry of Production, BUSINESS POLICY Lever Step An interesting departure in business policy is announced by the board of Lever Bros, and Unilever, which has appointed Professor David Mitrany as adviser on social and political ques-tionsntional and international. In its announcement the board says They have always been of the opinion that the most desirable policy for a business organisation is one which helps to improve local conditions in the community in which it operates, and now, more than ever before, questions of this kind deserve intensive and scientific study. The best use of all available resources cannot be made without some measure of co-operation between private enterprise and public authority in tee guidance of the economic process.

There is general agreement as to ends there are many views as to means. But as the ends are eminently practical, the devising of the means also should be a practical issue, to be served best by the tree and serious collaboration of scientific experts with public servants and men ot affairs. It is for this reason that the board have decided to make this appointment, which as far as they know is the first ot its kind. Professor Mitrany was born in Rumania in 1888 and received his MOM. BIRD COMES HOME TO HON.

ROOST (By arrangement with the "Evening MORE COAL RAISED But Output Still Below Last Year's Britain's coal output during the four weeks ended October 2 was approximately 200,000 tons higher than during the preceding four weeks. The weekly average was 3,819,400 tons, compared with 3,767,800 tons for the four weeks ended September 4. an increase of 51,600 tons a week. This increase follows a rise of 2,680,000 tons during August, when the average weekly output rose from 3,097.800 tons to 3,767,800 tons, an increase of 670,000 tons. The September average is 256,700 tons a week lower than during September." 1942, when the weekly figure was 4,07,6,100 tons, while 1 ll -1 i I I 1 'A AV 1 "3" 1 'it it- ll 34- Kj 3'y i I I 1 I I t.

SEP OCT OCT HdV PC JA1 FEB Ml AFV MH JUK. JUL AUG SEP OC1 I 3 sijtt i7 ,5 ,2 10 7 4 WASmKGTQN, OCTOBER 15. Mr. Churchill's reference this week to unspecified countries abroad "where the politicians fight one another" has awakened renewed public interest in the otherwise dying controversy over the report by the five world-tour senators. The strong British press reaction to the senators' criticism of Britain's war policy, which Mr.

Churchill by his remark has now capped, has disconcerted many Americans who felt that the matter has been taken too seriously. Tha JN'ew York Times Washington, correspondent, Arthur Krock, to-day pieads lor a better understanding the basic cause which he says Mr. Cnurchill himself indicated. "The British Prime Minister," says Krock, told the country he believed the most probable development the war would be a general election. It is precisely because no such pros- pect can legally be held out in this country by the party in office that so much fighting is current in the United States.

If the President is elected for a fourth term he will be in executive power for another four years, whether or not the end of the war intervenes. No general election can be held to abridge that tenure." The New York Journal-American says that the British press attitude is comparable only to that of the elder spinster relative in many families. Old ladies." it adds, have for many years smothered criticism by becoming alarmed bv it." The "New York Post," however, takes up the cudgels for Britain. By permitting to go unrebuked the attack on the motives and practices of our ally Britain, the Senate has failed us again." The consequences of the senators' criticism, it declares, are an alarming swing-over in public opinion in the Middle West where Mr. Willkie is shortly campaigning.

where the work of weaning that section away from isolation has been seriously handicapped. U.S. POST-WAR "All we ask is that our legitimate requirements be accepted by our friends abroad," said Rsar Admiral Land, chairman of the United States Maritime Commission, answering criticisms of recent statements by Rear Admiral Vickery, the vice-chairman. We of the Maritime Commission," said Admiral Land. and some spokesmen for the shipping industry, have stated that our objective should be to have our merchant ships carry a substantial portion of our nation's foreign commerce in both imports and exports a greater portion than ships under the American flag ha.ve carried for many years.

Since 1900 they have carried as little as 8 per cent and seldom have exceeded the iiO per cent mark. Ships are instruments of foreign policy and must be treated as The United States has no desire to thwart the sea We know that shipping is more important to some nations than to others. At the same time we have learned by experience that a sizable merchant marine is necessary to our own security. "SHARING THE PIE Collaboration won't be easy. It is one of those things which everyone favours on principle but few support in, practice.

In other words, everybody wants, to cut the pie but no one wants MR. WILLKIE WANTS St. Louis, October 15. Mr. Wendell Willkie, speaking here to-night, called for peace organisation on a world basis.

The cause of world peace would be advanced, he declared, by defensive and offensive alliances between any two of the principal Allies. "All the world turns towards the United States for leadership," Mr. Willkie said. I should like to see this country exercise its utmost qualities of leadership and moral force to bring Britain, Russia. China, and the United States to the point of understanding where they will make a joint declaration of their intention as a preliminary to forming a common council of the United Nations and other friendly nations and eventually all nations.

If the Republican party convinces the people of its sincerity in advocating real international participation, I am confident that the people will support the party as the party of the future. If the party selects as its candidate a man THE CHURCHES AND In the Joint Synod of Convocation at York, the Bishop of Sheffield presented a motion asking for the drafting of a simpler and more intelligible Order of Holy Baptism. He said that the situation was getting increasingly intolerable for many of the clergy. Indiscriminate baptism was to a large extent a social custom and something of a superstition which had lingered after the body of doctrine which supported it had been forgotten. "A large majority of those who bring children to be baptised have very little clear belief in eternal life or the Christian family, or indeed Christian life," he said.

It is good luck rather than regeneration that they are after. They believe in good luck and are averse from bad luck, and so the mother is churched and the child is baptised." One of the questions to be considered 'was whether the form could be made more simple and the language more homely and still express a true and deep theology. The Bishop of Burnley seconded, and the motion was carried without discussion. Urgency of Reunion Canon A. E.

Baker, of York, introduced a motion that Convocation should record its conviction that the problem of Christian reunion is of fundamental importance and immediate urgency. The motion called on the clergy to use every possible means to quicken an intelligent and prayerful interest in the subject. It urged all Churchpeople to cultivate friendship and co-operation with those who, although, separated from us ecclesiastically, are our brethren in Christ." Canon Baker said that there was a great deal of evidence that unless something were done soon the Christian forces in our time would suffer a major defeat. It was a matter of urgency. Modern States were agnostic or neutral in religious matters.

The whole realm of politics and economics which affected the lives and m-nds of everybody emancipation from the law of God. The fundamental cause of the practical and theoretical atheism of the modern world was the a of is to is I of of to to to by in of a for is As a means of counteracting the damage done, the paper urges the Senate to ask the President immediately to negotiate treaties with Britain, Russia, and China to make a parallel with the Anglo-Russian treaty. Reuter. New York, October 15. Charles Collingwood.

of the Columbia Broadcasting System, to-day mentioned the sinister feeling against Britain which he had found in the United States since his return from the Mediterranean. He was amazed to find that people believed some British plot, British machinations, or British intrigue lie behind almost every incident that has involved Britain and the United States. Everywhere I have gone people have come to me telling me things which the British have been doing in places where I have been, and I know they haven't," he said. Reuter. I In his speech during the coal debate on Wednesday, Mr.

Churchill said So soon as the war is ended the soldiers w.ll leave off fighting and the politicians will begin. (Laughter.) Perhaps that is rather a pity, but at any rate it is not so bad as what goes on in some countries, which I should not venture to name, where the soldiers are fighting abroad and the politicians are fighting at home witn equal vigour ana ferocity. POST-WAR PLANNING Roosevelt's Statement Washington. October 15. President Roosevelt said to-day that the United States State Department had been engaged for a year and a half on various matters pertaining to post-war affairs and peace problems.

A highly competent research staff, he said, had been working with the cooperation of non-partisan labour, capital, and other groups. Within the Office of War Mobilisation it was planned to establish a unit to deal with war and post-war adjustment problems and develop unified programmes and policies Reuter. SHIPPING POLICY small piece. I recommend that we bake a bigger pie. Our shipbuilding programme from its inception in 1938 to ths end of 1944 means a total production of about 50,000,000 deadweight tons of merchant craft, two-thirds as much as existed in the world in September.

1939. Our 1944 schedule calls for 2,000 vessels, of which about 1,000 will be fast ships." Reuter. U.S. AIR STATEMENT Washington, October 15. The United States State Department and the Civil Aeronautics Board to-day issued a joint statement clarifying their respective interests in the development international air transportation services.

The State Department has a primary interest in the subject from the standpoint of foreign policy and international relations. The Civil Aeronautics Board charged with the responsibility of developing policy on the organisation and functioning civil a'r transportation. Foreign air carriers desiring permits operate into United States territory must request their Governments to apply through diplomatic channels Applications received in the State Department will be transmitted to the board, which will handle technical or other details, and the applicant will prosecute his application directly before the board. Reuter. PEACE COUNCIL whose record leaves no doubt that he qualified for that leadership I will support him.

The palace guard of the Administration use their multiple power in the Government to perpetuate the leader from whom their importance stems. I think it vital to terminate that power. believe the ending of that power is necessary not only for the preservation free society in the United States but for free society in the world." Mr. Willkie said that literally millions people in the world were ea-r to work with America. The ultimate blue-print will be what we can work out with other nations in mutual accommodation.

But first we must discover a common ground on which we can begin build. In all our dealings with those of the conquered countries of Europe, with our potential friends, and with our vanquished enemies we must encourage and seek to work exclusively with the forces that are neither Nazi-tainted nor Fascist-stained." Reuter. POST-WAR UNITY disunion of Christendom. When the war ended there would be committed Christians the ministry of reconciliation, and if the wounds of mankind were be healed and if there were to be the spiritual resources for the evangelisation of the East and the re-evangelisation of the West it could only be done a united Church. The Dean of Chester (Bishop Tubbs) seconded, with the comment that after the war there would be a demand for a united Christian front.

The feeling was tremendously strong among chaplains that they must have this united front co-operation with their brethren of other churches. This demand would come still more from the laity. The Bishop of Blackburn, while prepared to support the motion, said that Convocation must nave a straight course action consistent with the principles of the Church which had given them their commission. They could not merely be led by a popular demand, by sentiment, or the dangers or exigencies of the present situation. Discussion on the motion was adjourned to the next session of Convocation in Mav YUGOSLAVS WIDEN HOLD Within twenty-four hours of Rommel's appointment as commander-in-chief on the Yugoslav guerrilla front partisan troops have extended their action over wider area, threatening German communications from Greece to Zenica.

in Bosnia, where street fighting continues. The main railway line north from Athens, the principal supply channel German forces on the iEgean front, also seriously threatened. Fighting along this artery was reported by Ban radio yesterday, and the patriots are inflicting heavy casualties on the Germans. In a pitched battle in the Thessalian valley of Tempe Greek guerrillas defeated 4,000 Germans. Reuter.

U-BOAT REPORTS The following was. contained in yesterday's Berlin communique U-boats, la henry flihttr aealnst Anelo-American convoys, sir eleven ships totalUnc 74,000 torn and nro destroyers. Two other ships and destroyer were osdbj dsnnced torpedo nits. addressing a meeting of Liverpool pro fessional and business men yesterday on The challenge of peace," said "When we reflect that the blood of men of all nations and the silent tears of their bereaved are shed in the belief and consolation of a better future we must feel contempt for any, whether American senators or British critics, who by pettiness, falsehood, or selfishness sow new seeds and weeds of bitterness on the earth." Mr. Garro-Jones said that Mr.

Eric Johnston, president of the United States Chamber of Commerce, had sought to make various conditions precedent of co-operation between America and Britain, one of which was that the capital employed should be what he called private capital, and free capital and competitive capital. "President Roosevelt has lent some colour to this suggestion by saying that in the field of air transport development should be in the main by private industry. It is considered that this condition of co-operation would be ni'nnln Tf fftr pvumnlp. exclude co-operation with nations who preier systems netween wnat me rnme Minister has called 'the extremes of Communism in Russia and the extremes of capital in the United and would certainly exciuae an points. "If we recoenise the necessity for international co-operation between these three immense fowers, tne absence of any one of which is unthink- aMo Via cfimilgtinn that Britain anrl RMIC, V.V VU b.

wu even Russia must accept these systems wnicn commena inemseiven iu me United States is clearly untenable." Private Enterprise Private enterprise in the eyes of some Americans was more than a great and good human motive it was a superstition comparable to the worship of cats and onions in ancient Egypt. In America and in Britain private enterprise is confronted with the following predicament In America, to rehabilitate ten million men now in the armed forces in Britain, more than half that number; and to rehabilitate them on a labour demand market enormously diminished by technological progress and war dislocation To take over productive machinery in which industrial plants to the value ot 4,000,000.000 in America and about 650.000,000 in Britain are owned by the people To take over a production activity generated as to more than 60 per cent in America and 65 per cent in Britain by Government orders To take over a National Debt of 75,000,000,000 in America and 16.861,000,000 in Britain. If private enterprise is heroic enough to take over those headaches from the Government the Government would be overjoyed. It is a fanciful suggestion." Unless Britain and America were prepared to contemplate devastating problems of unemployment they must find markets for swelling post-war output. The greatest danger to this country and the world in the post-war situation was that the United States productive capacity would be seared to a greater volume of exports than home and world markets, as now envisaged, could absorb.

In addition its accumulated wealth was bound to seek foreign outlets, and we all know that its foreign investment would be accompanied bv technical advice and United States equipment. Extravagant Hopes "Although I have great faith that America will ultimately adopt policies worthy of her greatness, we should be foolish if we closed our eyes to the strong nationalist sentiment which exists in the United States. There is a school of enterprise in the United States which is bold enough to think that the great stream of visible and invisible exports can, to their great benefit, be let loose like a deluge upon the earth when peace comes. On this occasion the dove of peace will herald, not the falling, but the rising of the flood. Fortunately, powerful and enlightened forces are working on both sides of the Atlantic to apply correctives in advance to this situation.

"I should like to make it perfectly clear that the basis of our post-war negotiations with the United States is not a request for favours. If we are driven to a system of bilateral arrangements of the Ottawa or Schacht kind all will suffer grievously, but it does not follow that tnis country will suffer most because we have an enormous market for primary products and great bargaining strength. "We have costs of production substantially lower in many important spheres than those of the United States and we know that whereas the nominal rate of exchange is S4 to the pound, the real rate is different. I have heard suggestions that, if present trends continue, the pound will be worth $6 or $7 in the post-war period." "I feel confident that if both countries examine these problems with two eyes, even if both eyes are on their own interests alone, they will find it possible to reach monetary and trade arrangements which will lead the world forward." Talking of the change-over after the war. which had to be made without regard to party prejudices, Mr.

Garro-Jones said "ram glad to be able to assure business men, who have a hatred of controls and restrictions, that there is nobody that I know in the Government, on either side, who favours controls and restrictions for their own sake, and a great many of these restrictions will be promptly removed when the war ends. All unnecessary controls will go; all necessary controls must remain. "There are some fields, however, in which it can be taken as certain that some measure of public control will remain. One of them is the control of essential raw material 1 have never heard anyone dispute the neresslty for some such measures." It would not be possible, for example to resume normal supplies of imported timber at once, and economies would be necessary for some time. If control civilian necessities were lifted immediately prices would rise and there would be demands for higher wages, distribution would be and queues for clothing would appear.

If there were high prices here the post-war export trade would be lost Control of food supplies was also certain, and we must ensure equitable distribution at home, and if possible contribute to the needs of some other parts of the world. Control of the location of industry, carefully applied would have to be accepted A report by Vichy radio and tne Herman flirprcmp i General Giraud and General de Gaulle are on their way to Britain to discuss tilf new Ttalian eitiiatirm London yesterday to be untrue. academic training at the London School of Economics. From 1919 to 1922 he was on the editorial staff of the Man chester Guardian," and later was Euro pean editor of the Carnegie Endowment's history of the world war, lecturer on politics at the University of London, and visiting professor in government at Harvard University in 1931-3. Recently he has held a chair at the institute for Advanced Study, Princeton, but during the war he has been in England at the Royal Institute of International Affairs.

His special studies nave been in the held of inter national organisation and the social and economic conditions of South-east Europe. His most recent writing is a i-nainam wouse pampniet on A Working Peace System." The Lever board says it is its wish that his scientific and public work shall continue. He will have no responsibilities towards the business side of the company, and while the directors will have the benefit of his advice on general public matters they wish to give him every facility for continuing his work in undiminished freedom. FREE ASIATIC PEOPLES Chinese Demand for a Policy From Guntber Stein Chungking, October 15. Timely political preparations for Admiral Lord Louis Mountbatten's campaign in Burma and Malaya in order to secure the greatest possible co-operation from the natives are regarded as an urgent necessity in unofficial Chinese quarters.

The demand has now been taken tin by the press. The Chungking "Business Daily asks the Allies, especially Britain, to devote greater attention not only to tne military but also to the political aspects of the future campaign and to make the natives ''feel that their real liberation will come at the end of the war." Mr. Roosevelt's declaration about the post-war freedom of the Philinnines has further reinforced the demand for a new British approach to the question of the post-war status of Burma and Malaya and the subject peoples of Asia generauy. INDIAN STATE REFORM From our own Correspondent New Delhi, October 15. The Viceroy's farewell address to the Chamber of Princes amounted to a plea in favour of federation.

On one matter which has been agitat ing the minds of the smaller States namely, starting certain common services to secure greater administrative efficiency his assurance of consultations should remove apprehensions that merger schemes might be forced upon minor States without giving them the opportunity of representing their view point to tne authorities. On the other hand thp Vi steady insistence upon improvement in standards of administration has eerie ra support. The problem of the States was, however, complicated by an unfortunate decision shortly after the last war to raise several petty estates to the position of full-fledged States. The Viceroy's admonition must -apply, however, to all States, including some major ones whose pace of reforms has been painiuiiy slow. U.S.

COAL STRIKE FEARS Washington, October 15. Mr. Harold Ickes, United States coal and petroleum administrator, says in a letter to the chairman of the War Labour Board that he fears another general coal strike unless the coal dis pute is settled before the truce expires. (Thirty thousand mineis are out in the Alabama coalfield The War Labour Board has asked Mr. John L.

Lewis, the mineworkers leader, and district and local represen tatives of the union to urge the iiauaraa miners 10 return to worK immediately. Reuter PIECERS' STRIKE ENDED As was expected as a result cf the offer of an increased rate of pay to piecers on strike at the Bell Mill, Oldham, as a result of a joint meeting of the Employers' Federation and the Spinners' Amalgamation yesterday, the sinners at a mass meeting last night voted for a resumption of work. The strike has lasted a fortnight. The trouble had reference to payments made to spinners formerly employed at mills that have been closed who are now engaged as piecers or joiner minders. STALIN SEES MR.

NELSON Moscow radio reported last night that Mr. Donald Nelson, United States War Production chief, was received yesterday by Stalin. STRAITS MIST Last night in the Straits the weather was misty and calm, with a light vari able northerly breeze. The sky was overcast, there was poor visibility, and it was cool after nightfalL CATHEDRAL SKKVICES Etcntona 4 io Hoty OTrnmimioo; Sundan at 9 am. ana after alter due notice Saturday.

Matins aaid at 11 a.m At a so a Sunday 8eUool FntlTal: Anthem. Giarom ami ptmerloi God" (Stanford): Preacher, the Lord Blsnoo OS Cheater Serrlcr at faterceadon I 25 bt 1 SO DO Seventeenth Sunday alter Trinity at 10 50 an: Venlle. 133. Te teum. Hamood In A Oat: Benedicts.

14S. PaikST 92 92? Introlt "Break Thou the bread of We." Ccnini often, uelmni In Hymnj 70912)'. SilJu.3I5- Si9 XVf1' fuI! Maomeat 95 (231.1: Nunc Dtmlttla. 89 (133): 27. tt.

1-7 (Chant 27); Anthra. "Say to SHaia1 SSi 'n "-l: amis 30. 75 (tanB 166(1. Freacaen: A- Selwyn Bean. Arch- GDYNIA BOMBS "Pocket Battleship Disappears From our own Correspondent Stockholm, October 15.

Terrible damage was caused by the Americans' raid on the port of Gdynia, Poland, a week ago, according to members of the crew of the Swedish steamer A. K. Fernstrom, who were interviewed when they returned to Sweden. Their own ship and seven or ten other large vessels together with some smaller craft, including naval vessels, wsre sunk. One sailor told the Svenska Dagbladet" that a pocket battleship lying in the port had disappeared when the raid was over, but he was unable to say whether it was sunk or whether it escaped seawards.

A floating dock was sunk. Bomb hits made a wide gap through the town and destroyed a great part of the docks. The coal port seemed to be the main target and the damage there was so great that coal shipments will probably be suspended for a considerable time. The naval port was almost undamaged. According to the first officer, the damage caused in the simultaneous raid on Danzig was slight, but Gdynia was completely surprised.

The bomber force, estimated at about 100 'planes, approached in strict formation, flying at and their bomb-dropping was marked by great precision. MEDITERRANEAN ZONE Official Reports Following are vesterday's official reports from the Mediterranean theatre Allied H.O.. North Africa: Sarj. In file hours ot Wediesniy. Oelooer IS.

a successful operation ias carried out north of the Vo'turno RUtr by crart the Royal Navy. Targets so the same area eie later bombarded bv ItKht naval forces Army Heay Itehtlr.s continues alone the line of the River Our troops haie several bridgeheads in the face of etrong enemy resistance, and Infantry. t3nts, and supporting weapons being passed across The Volturno Is a form.dable oostoclc steep banks and a stream North ol the Volturno sector steady progress Is being made Casjca'enda has been captured Air Heavy bombers of the North-nest African Forces estrday attacked Term marsha.llrjj yards and railroads south of Gluilanova and north Pescara Medium boinbtrs attacked the airfields at Arec (Greece) Flffiue'-bombers detroed thire Planes In the Ptscara area the n.ght ol October 13-14 i ght bombers attacked rail Junctions and crossroads near Formla Motor transport in the Chielt area uas bombed and a trait a Three locomotives and many ra! cars ere hit near Rcseto degii Abruzz: In ail these operat.ons lour enemy aircraft were destroyed. Last night the over-pass and electr'c rail Unesat Ta amone nere attacked by night bombers Two of our alrcrait are misting tlEUMW: In Southern Italy and American troops yesterday alternoun launclKd tne epecLed attack asa'nst our advanced posit 01-5 on the Volturno on both des Capua with supir.or inlantrs and tank lurces Htaiy b.tler ba.t.ts are 1.1.. in progress Reuter.

RUSSIAN FRONT Yesterday's German communique said North at tnt 01 azjv and on the Midd-e On eper the enemy carr.ed out v.o ent but unsucoess-tul attacks on severs, sec.ors Ihe Zaporozhe ei3cualed by our troops according to orders after destroying important On the Dnieper, on the Prtptt mouth, and on tae Sozh cur own offensive operations resu.ted in turther successes. Some enemy on the western tunic of the river ere e. mjiated. others ere narrowed down West of Krchev and particu.ar.j west 01 smo en rcn enemy at.e-mpls lal.ed jesierday In the -ector to the souJiUes" at Smo.ensk a-one 46 Sov.et tanks aere destroyed Daring the 5 1 three days the enemy a total of oo4 tanks arid 233 a-rcrs-'t in his fruit ess attacks Capta Nosothy, group commander ol a flehte- Serr.nt1' 25th ir JAPANESE BASES BOMBED Allied 'planes have heavily bombed Japanese bases at Madang (New Guinea) and Cape Gloucester (New Britain), according to this morning's report from General MacArthur's headquarters. Thirty tons of bombs were dropped at Madang and two Japanese fighters shot dowrS At Cape Gloucester 42 tons of bombs were dropped.

Patrol boats sank two small coastal vessels and several barges off the coast of New Britain. More than 400 Japanese dead have been counted in the Ramu Valley campaign (New Guinea) Twelve Japanese 'planes raided Buna and Oro Bay, causing minor damage. Reuter. BURMA ROAD FIGHTING The Japanese have thrown in 10,000 men in their triple drive in Western Yunnan province, at the-eastern end of the Burma road. Last night's Chinese communique reports intensified fighting.

The Japanese have captured two more small towns in their advance, which a Chinese spokesman said was partly an attempt at forestalling an Allied thrust from Northern Burma. Reuter. Mr. T. Lynch.

or Nottingham, president of the National Uuion of Small Shonkeeners. said vesterday that his organisation has apoealed to the Chancellor of the Exchequer to bring into the "pay as you earn" scheme ail small shopkeepers whose income is under 600. OBITUARY Sir Thomas Artemus Jones Sir Thomas Artemus Jones, K.C. (whose death is announced on another page), was for manv years County Court Judge in North Wales. He was born in Denbigh in 1871, the youngest of the six sons of a stonemason.

He was educated at the National School, Denbigh, and at the age of 16 joined a local newspaper as a reporter. He remained in journalism in Manchester and afterwards in London until he was called to the Bar. In Manchester he was on the staff of the Sunday Chronicle," and it was against the proprietors of that paper that he secured damages for libel in the action Jones v. Hulton, which has since become a leading case in the law of libel. In London he served on the Parliamentary staff of the "Daily Telegraph," and from that paper went to the Daily News." Shortly after his call to the Bar at the Middle Temple in 1901 he joined the North Wales Circuit.

His practice grew rapidly, and he was briefed in many important cases. When Sir Roger Casement was put on trial at the Old Bailey during the last war he was one of the defending counsel. He took silk in 1919 and soon made a reputation as a leader at Swansea and Cardiff Assizes. In 1926 he became a Bencher of the Middle Temple. His politics were always a sturdv Liberalism, and in his career he con tested three elections Macclesfield in 1922, East Swansea in 1923, and Keighley in 1924 but was unsuccessful each time.

In 1928 and 1929 he went to Mexico as Great Britain's representa tive on the Anglo-Mexican Claims Commission. While there he was appointed county court judge for North Wales, a position he held until his retirement, owing to ill-health, in 1942. His first public appearance as county court judge was at Caernarvon in Janu ary, 1930, when he announced in reply to speeches of welcome that he nronosprl to disregard the statute of Henry VIII proniDiunc tne use ot welsh in courts, since in his view it was overridden bv the rights of common law. Until his retirement he heard cases in Welsh, and he remained lone enough on the bench to see the Act of Henrv VIII fpiipaIpH He was knighted in 1931 and became a weader of the Middle Temple in 1937. Other public offices held bv Sir Thomas were chairmanship of the Caernarvon- snire tiuarter Sessions, presidency of the Welsh National Eisteddfod for 1941.

vice-presidency of the University uoiiege ot Wales. He was a Freeman of the City of London and a member of the Gardeners' Company. In 1927 he married Miss Mildrprt TlavifJ a barrister, who was called to the Bar at tne Middle Temple. BURMA PATROLS CLASH British Grenade Attack In increasing patrol activity along the Burma front a party of Japanese attempting to surround a British patrol near Maungdaw, in Arakan, was attacked with grenades and driven off. Patrols and levies have successfully ambushed several enemy parties in the Chin Hills and Sumprabum areas, said yesterday's India joint communique.

Japanese troop positions in the Chin Hills were again attacked by the R.A.F. on Wednesday, and on Thursday Wellingtons attacked the Toungoo railway Station. UnitpH Stntoc -w UUII1UC13 1 direct hits on the ferry crossing at "jjysc. oh ine irrawaaoy, and also attacked the Toungoo junction railway yards and Prome, said an American communique. Reuter.

MONTGOMERY'S "CROSSCOUNTRY TEAM Mr. L. N. Richardson, secretary of the English Cross-country Union, sent the following telegram to General Montgomery The English Cross-countrv Union in conference at Birmingham extend hearty congratulations to the Eighth Army, the fastest team of cross-country runners in tne world, and wish you and your team postUed suceess until reaching winning In acknowledging the message General Montgomery said Axis pacemakers have certainly done a lot to improve our speed." PLANNING OF SCIENCE Sir Robert Watson-Watt pioneer of radio-location and one of tho Air- Ministry's scientific advisers, is making a oner, stay in Manchester at the invitation of the Association of Scientific Workers, of which he is a past president. He will address an open meeting at the College of Technology this afternoon on the planning of science in the interests of the community Members of the in the North-west area held a reception for Sir Rnhprt at trio Until night This was followed by.

an uuuiiucu uiMiuioa on ine organisation of science and of scientific workers. the August figures were 211,100 tons a week down compared with August. 1942. The highest weekly output this year was 4.016.400 tons during the four weeks ended February 20. The district percentages of the standard tonnage are Northumberland 93 9 Cumber'and 85 9 Durham 94 8 South Yorkshire 92.2 West Yornsh re 913 North Derbyshire 97 5 Nott.r.Bhamsh.re 89.4' South Derbyshire 4 Leicestershire 1U8 2 Lanes and Cheshire.

92 9 Norlh Wales S1.4 North Staffordshire. 94.0 Cannock Chase 93 1 South Stafford-hire and Worcestershlie U2 2 Shropshire 97.3 Warwickshire S2.3 South Wales and Monmouthshire 91 7 Forest o( Dean 89.8 Somerset 101 4 Pile and Clackman'n. 92 5 Lotblans 96 3 Lanarkshire 85 3 Bonuses are therefore payable in the following districts Leicestershire 2s. per shift. South Derbyshire Is.

and Somerset 3d. per shift. The Somerset percentage for August has been revised from 100.9 to 101.1. The district therefore qualified for a bonus payment of 3d. per shift.

The same three districts as last month have thus obtained the September bonus, and 16.500 miners are eligible for it. Production from opencast workings, which is additional to the figures given, averaged 121,000 tons a week during the four weeks to October 2. compared with 134,200 tons a week during the previous four weeks. The reduction was due to bad weather during the week ended September 18. DUTCH FISHERMEN Fleetwood Strike Over The strike of Dutch fishermen at Fleetwood, which commenced last Saturday, was settled last night, and the Dutch trawlers will commence, going to sea to-day.

The men have agreed to the compulsory deduction from their wages of 50 per cent of their earnings above the basic figure of i4 per week, and for each deduction thev will get an official receipt. The money will be held bv the Netherlands Government until the men return to tn.er own country after the war. and will then be used to assist the men and their families. The Dutch Consul at Fleetwood told our correspondent last night The men have misunderstood the proposal all along." PETERBOROUGH RESULT TO-DAY The result in the Peterborough bv-election. where polling took place yesterday.

is expected about noon today. The candidates were Lord Suirdale (Conservative and National Government) and Mr. Sam Bennett (Independent Labour). The figures at the last election were Lard Bui-shler (C.) 22,677 E. A.

J. LaTiea (Lab.) Ii.a73 At the London Sessions on Thursday Hubert Emanuel Powell. 52, catering manager, appealed successfully against sentences totalling tnree months' imprisonment imposed by Mr. Arthur Morley. K.C.

at Tower Bridge Police Court. He had been convicted on eleven summonses of obtaining fish in excess of the quantitv allowed. The sentence was varied to a fine or 40s. on earh summons, 22 in alL No order was made as to costs..