The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 8

THE MANCHESTER GUARDIAN, TCTESPAY. DECEMBER 1, 1914. 1 "MANCHESTER GUARDIAN DIARY OF THE WAR SEPTEMBER. Great Russian victory accomplish ertfc, Austrians in Galicia; the Austrians back in full Tetreat from the Saa rir.r. The British mine-sweeper Mary to have been sunk by a mine.

Zeppelin destroyed at Dusseldoif by three British airmen. Report on the German espionage system published by the Home Office. Saturday, Ootober 10. Death of King Charles of Roumania. Sunday, October 11.

The series of battles in Flanders begins. Russian cruiser Pallada sunk in the Baltic by German submarine. Monday, Ootober 12. Colonel Marit, in command of the Union Forces on the Orange River declares a rebellion in South Africa: Martial law proclaimed. Tuesday, October 13.

Belgian Government moved to Havre. The Russians begin to take the offensive against the German armies which had in JUNE. Sunday, June 28. The Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria and his wife, the Duchess of Hohenburg, murdered at Sarayevo by a Greater Servia fanatic. JULY.

Thursday, July 23. Austria-Hungary presents a Note at Belgrade making extreme demands on srua and demanding complete submission withm 48 hours. Friday, July 24. The Russian Cabinet Council discusses the Austrian Note and decides at all costs to resist the subjection of Servia to Austria. Saturday, July 25.

Servia's partial submission rejected by Austria, whose Minister leaves Belgrade. Russia's request for delay refused. Tuesday, July 28. Austria-Hungary declares war on Servia. Partial mobilisation begins in Russia-Wednesday, July 29.

Bombardment of Belgrade by the Austrian Artillery. Friday, July 31. General mobilisation in Russia. German ultimatum to Russia. M.

Jaures, the French Socialist leader, murdered in Paris. ZgM leCataur-rfLandreetts jfs'V, 0fT V'Wfl sZM 5 ff-fY I Mstogneo I 7Lt? I fStOuenhnj fth vl-'V 3 Mntoise 23 2' 3 -Jo so 6o a A' -rvJ if: Mirecourl principal Troyesai 41 ADVANCE AND RETREAT IN THE WEST. day which Sir John French fixes as the first of the Battle of the Marne. uu-c Farther north along the Aisne, past Rheims th th ot- Verdun, is a line which serves approximately both for the present positions and for those taken up by the Ger- mans when the retreat from the Marne came j0 an eD(m There have, of course, been many minor changes. M'dden Tilsi ifognit THE GERMAN The map shows the farthest point reached bv the Germans in their invasion of France, iAl the gradual extension of the battlefield from the River Aisne to the sea coast, and their present positions.

i i Tho southernmost line shows the German positions as they were on September 6, the MdaiL. Tauenbur7 Danzix Dirsct Tuesday, September 1. Ten German guns captured by the British in the Forest of Compiegne. Austrian army heavily defeated by the Russians near Lemberg. Wednesday, September 2.

The Allies' retirement reaches almost to Paris. The National Relief Fund reaches 2,000,000. Thursday, September 3. The French Government leaves Paris for Bordeaux. Lemberg captured by the Russians.

Cardinal della Chiesa elected Pope. Friday, September 4. German army observed to be moving in a south-east direction, away from Paris. Saturday, September 5. General Joffre informs Sir John French of his intention to take the offensive against the Germans on the Marne.

The British, French, and Russian Governments mutually engage not to conclude peace separately during the war. H.M.S. Pathfinder sunk by a submarine. Sunday, September 6. First day of the Battle of the Marne.

About noon the Germans realise that their flank is threatened and begin to retTeat. Monday, September 7. Maubeuge surrenders. Dinant-sur-Meuse shelled and burned by the Germans. Tuesday, September 8.

The British drive the Germans back ftom the Petit Morin River. Cable cut at Fanning Island by German cruiser. Wednesday, September 9. The Oceanic wrecked off the north coast of Scotland. Thursday, September 10.

The Battle of the Marne ends The Germans hold positions on the Soissons-Rheims line. Friday, September 11. British cavalry reach the line of the Aisne, and find the Germans in a strong position. Mr. Churchill at the London Opera House.

Saturday, September 12. First day of the Battle of the Aisne. Sunday, September 13. Allies', attempts to force the passages of the Aisne begin. Russian victory over the Austrians; 30,000 prisoners and a large number of guns captured.

The German cruiser Hela sunk by British submarine 9. German invasion of British East Africa announced. Monday, September 14. (to 29th inst.) Scries of battles between the Austrians and Servians round Lesnitsa. Tuesday, September 15.

It becomes clear that the German stand on the Aisne is intended to be definite, and is not rearguard fighting. Raman's Drift, on the Orange River, occupied by a South African force. Thursday, September 17. H.M.S. Fisgard II announced to have foundered in the Channel, with a total loss of 21 of her crew.

Mr. Redmond issues a manifesto appealing to Irishmen to support the Empire. Friday, September 18. Parliament prorogued. Members of the House of Commons sing the National Anthem.

Saturday, September 19. (and 20) The British steamer Ortega chased by a German cruiser in the Straits of Magellan, and escape through Nelson Strait. Sunday, September 20. Rheims Cathedral bombarded. H.M.S.

Pegasus disabled by the Konigeberg in Zanzibar Harbour. Monday, September 21. Japanese torpedo-boat sunk by a German cruiser outside Xiaoohau. Tuesday, September 22. British aeroplanes of the naval wing made an attack on the Zeppelin sheds at Diissel-dorf.

A Zeppelin destroyed. H.M. ships Aboukir, Hogue, and Cressysunk by a German submarine in the North Sea. Madras bombarded bv the Emden. Saturday, September 26.

Germans open their attack on Ossowiec, East Prussian frontier. I Land attack on Tsing-tau began. Sunday, September 27. Cholera reported to have broken out in Austria-Hungary. Wednesday, September 30.

The Admiralty announces that the Emden during the past few days had sunk four small British steamships and captured two, in the Indian Ocean. Tsing-tau invested. OCTOBER. Thursday, October 1. Admiralty announce that H.M.S.

Cumberland has sunk ten German liners off the Cameroon River. Friday, October 2. Arrival of Indians at Marseilles announced. Mr. Aequith addresses a meeting- at Cardiff.

Saturday, October 3. Admiralty announce their intention of laying a mine-field in the North Sea. Transference of British army from the Aisne to Belgium begins. Two German attacks on Antwerp repulsed. The battle of Augustowo ends in victory for the Russians.

The Tsar starts for the front. Monday, October 5. National Relief Fund reaches 3,000,000. Tuesday, October 6. Japan occupies the capital of the Marshall Islands.

Bombardment of Antwerp imminent Large numbers of refugees leave the city. Wednesday, October 7. Bombardment of Antwerp begun. The seat of Belgian Government moved from AntweTp to Ostend. German destroyer sunk by submarine 9 off the Ems estuary.

Thursday, October 8. Arras shelled by the Germans. Fall of Antwerp. Friday, October 9. The Germans, under General von Baseler, enter the city; large number of German ships in Antwerp harbour destroyed; a section of the British Naval Brigade interned in Holland.

Neutfuhreni Friday, November 6. The Russians recapture Jaroslav. Kiao-chau surrenders. The spy Lody shot at the Tower of Saturday, November 7. German cruiser Geier interned ai Poti attacked by a Turkish cruiser.

Sunday, November 8. ao, in tne fersian umi, Indian force. Transvaal rebels defeated by C-v De Venter. Monday, November 9. The Emden sunk by H.M.S.

Sydney ng Cocos Islands. The Guildhall Banquet. Tuesday, November 10. Dixmude oaptured by the Germans. Russian Naval Headquarters Staff the sinking of four Turkish Black Sea.

Government Memorandum, raisin; of pensions to disabled soldiers an-or their widows, published. Wednesday, November 11. Defeat "of the Prussian Guard by 'h B-t troops. The siege of Przemysl resumed. British gunboat Niger torpedoed Downs off Deal.

A Japanese torpedo-boat sunk in Kiacw': Bay. Opening of Parliament. White-book on British rupture with TufoR published by the Foreign Office. Thursday, November 12. German offensive along the Vistula bg--.

De Wet announced to have been defcatej Botha; 250 rebels captured. Friday, November 13. German offensive between the Vistula tj the Warta develops vigorously. Mr. Asquith announces that the casualties up to October 31 amounts a 57.000.

Navigation on the River Forth restricted Saturday, November 14. Death of Lord Roberts in France. The Press Bureau publishes an accour.rf the defeat of the Prussian Guard on 11th inst. Sunday, November 15. Germans in Poland claim to have tale; 28,000 prisoners.

Monday, November .16. The Prince of Wales arrives at Boulogne ci his way to the front. House of Commons: Supplementary Credit for 225,000 for naval and expenses also vote for another million for the regular army. Tuesday, November 17. House of Commons: Income-tax incmi by one-third (to be doubled next beer taxed Id.

per pint and tea 3i hi pound. Libau (on the Baltic) bombarded by Ar man squadron. German auxiliary cruiser interned it "frond-hjem. Turkish fort at Trebizond bombarded i) the Russian Black Sea fleet. Wednesday, November 18.

The German cruiser Goeben damaged bi Russian ships in the Black Sea. Statement published by the War Office v-garding expanding bullets. Admiralty publishes report from H.M.i Glasgow on the recent action off the Chiiias coast. Thursday, November 19. The Russians gain a partial success" a Poland and capture a battery of Genius artillery, ten machine guns, and tttt! prisoners to the north-west of Lodz.

Burial of Lord Roberts in St Paul'-' Cathedral. House of Commons: Mr. Lloyd Geoigeic the new taxes. Mutiny at the aliens concentration ca? at Douglas five killed and several wountoi Fund for Christmas gifts for Lancajha and Cheshire regiments at the front opes by the "Manchester Guardian." M. Verhaeren lectures in Manchester.

Friday, November 20. Germans support their offensive in FoW by fresh troops from Wielun. Saturday, November 21. Raid by three British airmen on Zeppelin headquarters at FriedrichsbaW on Lake Constance. One of the sviiton wounded and captured.

Basra, oh the Persian Gulf, occupied by a British force. Amnesty offered to the South Africa rebels expires. Sunday, November 22. Ypres violently bombarded and the H6! de Ville destroyed. De Wet, with only six followers, crowf the Vaal River.

Monday, November 23. German submarine 18 rammed by 1 British patrolling vessel off the Scottish coast. German destroyer sunk in a collision wi1 Danish' steamer. Zeebrugge bombarded 'by two British battleships. Tuesday, November 24.

The Germans reported to be retreatim fl Poland. Wednesday, November 25. The Battle in Poland turns in favour A Royal 'Warrant published increasing scale of officers pay in the army. Thursday, November 28. H.M.S.

Bulwark blown up in the MJ with, a loss of 767 officers and men. The 'Russians' follow up their success Lodz and Lbwics 'The Germans beui new offensive, along the Vistula. The: Austrians defeated to the east of Lord Kitchener "on the military situation fl the House of Lords. Friday, November 27. ffl House of Commons Mr.

Winston ChnKr oh the Navy and Mr. Lloyd George on War' tin Inquest at. Douglas into the deaths aliens', camp. North Sea mine field extended as n0ID; Monday, November 30. Despatch published from Sir John on the fighting ja Flanders.

After September 11 the Allies began to extend their line towards the north, and the Germans countered their movement b- a similar extension. The map shows the new positions which had been taken up by October 1 then the further extension up to Armentieres (October 8) then, the Germans being slightly pushed back, another extension right up to' the coast. "warn a Suwalkj iGrddno Slonirfi I Bialysi-ok Bielslh Czyzffno West LifovGrr H.UK0V ftadzyn vaded Poland towards Warsaw ana me uu of the Vistula. Wednesday, October 14. Ypres occupied by the Allies.

Canadian troops reach Plymouth. Parliament prorogued till November 11. Thursday. October 15. H.M.S.

Hawke torpedoed and sunk in the North Sea. Partial mobilisation begun in Portugal Friday, October 16. Death of the Italian Foreign Marquis di San Giuliano. Saturday. October 17.

Minister, Four German destroyers sunk off the Dutch coast by British destroyers and light cruiser. Violent counter-attacks by the Germans be fore Warsaw, continued on the loth pulsed by the Russians. Sunday. October 18. Re Submarine 3 sunk in a bay off the Ger man coast.

A further contingent of Canadian troopsi landed at Avonmouth. Monday. October 19. Transference of British army to Belgium completed. A British naval flotilla comes into action off the Belgian coast.

Two despatches from Sir John French pub lifiheci. German hospital the Ophelia brought into Yarmouth Roads for examination. Tuesday, October 20. Lahore division arrives at the front. The Tsar announces his decision to pro hihit.

thft Government sale of alcohol Russia for ever. German armv before Warsaw begins to Tetreat. Wednesday, October 21. Wholesale ioundinK-up of alien enemies begun in England. Article on Russia's attitude to the war by Professor Paul Milyoukov, the leader of the Russian Liberal party, published in the "Manchester Guardian." Thursday, October 22.

A French victory over the Germans in th Congo. Ootober 23. Admiralty despatch regarding the naval action in Heligoland Bight published. Importation of sugar into the United Kingdom prohibited by the Government. Saturday, October 24.

The Germans cross the Yser. A German submarine rammed and sunk by HM.S. Badger. Angola invaded by Germans. Sunday, Ootober 25.

German centre in Poland now in full retreat from the line of the Vistula. Monday, October 26. French refugee steamer, the Amiral San-teaume, blown up by German submarine in the Channel. Another revolt, headed by De Wet and Beyers, breaks out in South Africa. Maiitz completely defeated.

Tuesday, Ootober 27. Prince Maurice of Battenberg killed in France. Beyers routed by General Botha. Wednesday, October 28. German mine-field discovered off the coast of Ireland: The Manchester Commerce sunk.

Belgians defeat the Germans in the Congo. Thursday, October 29. The Turks open hostilities against Russia, bombarding Odessa and Tbeodosia. Prince Louis of Battenberg resigns the office of First Sea Lord. Friday, Ootober 30.

Lord Fisher appointed First Sea Lord. Russian cruiser and French destroyer sunk by the Emden. Invasion of Egyptian territory by 3,000 Bedouins reported. An Italian force occupies Saseno, opposite Valona. Opening in London of the court-martial on the German spy Lody.

British hospital ship Rohilla wrecked off Whitby. Saturday, Ootober 31. The charge of the London Scottish near Ypres. The British cruiser Hermes sunk by submarine in Straits of Dover. Bombardment of Tsing-tau begun.

NOVEMBER. Sunday, November 1. Naval engagement off the coast of Chili; the British cruisers -Monmouth and 'Good Hope sunk. The. Germans begin to concentrate their attacks on Ypres.

Monday, November 2. Admiralty closes the North Sea and extends the system of mine-fields. The court-martial of Lody completed. Tuesday, November 3. Bayasid captured- by the Russians.

German navar raid on the English coast near Yarmouth: British submarine 5 sunk in the. course of the pursuit. Akaba bombarded by H.M.S. Minerva. Bombardment of the Dardanelles forts by British and French-' squadron's begun.

The Ag'a. Khan and the Nyiam -of Hyderabad issue a manifesto to Moslems in India urging them to support the British Government. Wednesday, November 4. Russian troops force the passage of the San river against the Austrians. The German cruiser Yorck'sunk by mine inJahdeBay.

Thursday, November 6. England declares war on Turkey and annexes Cyprus. li.MllAlM. Strgar 6aiden bur a 'Korutz GrQudenzs AUGUST. Saturday, August 1.

Germany declares war on Russia and demands to know the intention of France. Luxtmburg invadod by German troops. Italy declares her intention to remain neutral. Sunday, August 2. German invasion of Belgium begun.

Admiral Sir John Jelliooe takes command of the British Fleets. The moratorium established. Monday, August 3. Mobilisation of the British Navy completed. Germany declares war on France and presents an ultimatum to Belgium.

Sir Edward Grey explains the British position in the House of Commons. Tuesday, August 4. "Ultimatum sent by Great Britain to Germany demanding a promise to respect Belgian neutrality. Germany Tefuses: War declared by Great Britain at 11 p.m. London time.

The British Army mobilised. Wednesday, August 5. The Germans heavily repulsed at Liege. The German mine-layer Konigin Luise sunk by the British destroyer Lance. Lord Kitchener appointed Secretary of State for War.

Thursday, August 6. H.M.S. Amphion mined and sunk with a total loss of 131 lives. Friday, August 7. The National Relief Fund opened by the Prince of Wales.

Saturday, August 8. Liege city partially occupied by German troops. Sunday, August 9. German destroyer TJ 15 sunk by British cruiser Birmingham. Wednesday, August 12.

Great Britain and France declare war upon Austria. the German cruisers Goeben and Breslau fake refuge in the Dardanelles. Friday, August 14. The National Relief Fund reaches 1,000,000. Saturday, August 15.

The Tsar issues a proclamation to Poland promising reconstitution and autonomy. Japan issues an ultimatum to Germany demanding the evacuation of Kiao-chau. Sunday, August 16. An Austrian cruiser sunk by the French in the Adriatic. Monday, August 17.

Official announcement of the landing in France of the British Expeditionary Force. Tuesday, August 18. The Austrians routed by the Serbs in the mountains near Shabatz. Wednesday, August 19. Death of Pope Pius the Tenth.

Thursday, August 20. French success in Alsace: 24 German guns captured. Three days' battle at Gumbinnen, in East Prussia, begun: The Russians, under General Rennehkampf, defeated three German army corps. Friday, August 21. The Germans enter Brussels and levy a fine of 3,000,000 on that city.

Saturday, August 22. The attack on Namur begun. The French announced to have been driven out of Lorraine with heavy losses. Sunday, August 23. The four days' fighting round Mons begun.

Japan declares war upon Germany, and begins the siege of Tsing-tau. Monday, August 24. Surrender of Namur announced. The Allies withdraw from the line of the Sambre. Tuesday, August 25.

The British army occupies the line Cambrai-Landrecies-Le Cateau. Louvain destroyed by the Germans. The battle round Lemberf, Galicia, begun. Wednesday, August 26. Togoland surrendered to a detachment of the West African Frontier Force.

The three-day battle of the Masurian Lakes begins in East Prussia. Thursday, August 27. Kaiser Wilhelm der Grosse sunk off the West African coas't by H.M.S. Highflyer. The German cruiser Magdeburg destroyed in the Gulf of Finland by the Russians during a fog.

Friday, August 28. Malines bombarded by the Germans. Naval engagement in the Heligoland Bight: Three German cruisers and two destroyers sunk. The battle of the Masurian Lakes ends in a disastrous Russian, defeat. Saturday, August 29.

Samoa captured by New Zealand force. Sunday. August 30. -German newspapers publish- toe forged i-'Joha, Sums'-! fufm. i retv DiontceK ffogowo Wmoho idsk -a Wielun'41 -A 7 'at.

i funster deJvi' rZ. iWcinQrQcf ZHbiau Stofli uPoneB trduty' wenstei iWtlienDergJ Osfrofo Lpno 4 AJlm WARSAW Mora LQWfC2i Zqierz (Koiwski Modi Qooczno Radom zydowec tfadomsft rzeddorz- Kielce we ft Oedriejo M'ecion Vkus2 am Rybnik CRACOW A .1111" t.T Ml' St Micdos MANCHBSTEB September 1 were holdine the line is shown just to the south of Lublin. After a series of heavy defeats they withdrew almost to the walls of Cracow, where they were at the end of September. Early in October'they again advanced, in conjunction with" the Germans further north, and about October 20 they were holding the of the River San' and the hanks of the Vistula: rust north of Sta fli iZ eTnSS SSJ 'been pushed back right on to Cracow. ten VJUOIU i I vfanarzin WHO Olmuh MILES 1 SO Frontiers 0 Railways- Fortifieo trii'eszot Zanosc -foczt Tomashot, 112 teszof oqnon.

Turha jKaschau' Lsr a 'I MAP COPYBIQUT. RETREATS IN THE EAST. At the beffinnins'of OctoW th- armies poured over the Polish plain, and on October 13 were close to the' Vistula, which they attacked at three points. They were outflanked, driven hurriedly back, and on November 12 occupied a line close to their own frontier. Ahnosti immediately after.

their arrival there they delivered a vigorous counterattack between the rivers Vistula and Warta The. final i reeult is' still uncertain. toms THE GERMAN AND AUSTRIAN ADVANCES AND The map shows approximately the farthest limits of the German and Austrian advances against Russia, the farthest point reached in. their retreats, and their present positions. In the north, on the East Prussian frontier, the Germans advanced as far as the Niemeh River.

Their efforts to cross it at the end of September were heavily defeated, and they were driven back into East Prussia. In the south the Austrians, at the beginning jof th war, marched into Poland, and on.