The Guardian from London, Greater London, England • 3

THE MANCHESTER GTTARDIAN, MONDAY, DECEMBER 17, 1913, vciv TrkrvTo 1 i i MISCELLANY. THE TANK BANK ARRIVES IN MANCHESTER. a person could in his day, an era of sentimentality and sloppy romantics but, land! can a bedy do it to-day? He wrote in these terms to Helen Keller, upon the subject of plagiarism: "All ideas are substantially second-hand, consciously and unconsciously drawn from a million outside sources, and daily used by the garnerer with a pride and satisfaction bom of the superstition an old Mertoadon, the late Bishop Creight Neither the religious nor the political views Mr. Donaldson were approved by the 1 Warden of Merton, in whose, autobiography recorded a the sinister alliance tween Ritualism and Socialism." But Dr. Br( rick, never more than a mere doctrinaire Wh died practically a pervert to Toryism.

The elements of surprise and secrecy are i portant factors in the present war, and varic devices are adopted to mislead and mysti All kinds of symbols, hieroglyphics, and cot are used, which only those directly concern are supposed to understand. There are in army, however, many men in the ranks who i quite adepts at deciphering codes and symbc but the other day (writes a correspondent) th came alor.fr a puzzle vLU-h mystified not a in our unit, and it was iot until they had stand upon a higher plane of civilisation than any of their neighbours, and are truly the aristocrats of the Caucasus. Formerly Georgia was an independent kingdom, and its people, eon-verted to Christianity in the fourth century, have never relapsed into the Mohammedanism of the surrounding tribes; Their, golden age was the twelfth centuryj in the days of the great Queen Thamara. to-day there are no more kings in Georgia, but an amazing number of princes. It is a Russian joke that e-very Georgian, whatever his occupation, boasts a title.

It might be added, with more truth, that nearly every Georgian Is. poet. An ecclesiastical appointment interesting to all Liberals who appreciate practical work for the betterment of the poor is the promotion of the Hev. F. L.

Donaldson to Paston Tcctory, Jforthants, by the new "Pilgrim Bishop" of Peterborough. It was Mr. Donaldson who led jra of originality about them anywhere except THE RUSSIAN WORLD. Is the Wohld. By Maxim Gorki.

Translated by Mrs. Gertrude M. Foakes. London T. Werner Laurie.

Pp. v. 464. 12b. 6d.

This heavy instalment of what is supposed to bo Gorki's autobiography gives one a feeling of intense fatigue. The violence, filth, lechery, and stupidity described are almost unrelieved; they are tedious; they are not quiie credible. One protests that the people cannot all be so; so physically and morally hideous; so cruel and so cowardly. Yet Gorki says they are. In groups of ten they would stroll to the hatch-wav.

-ross themselves, and leave the boat at the landing-stage, from which the same kind of embarked as they landed, bending their i I V. 1 a i Next to a novel by Dickens, no new book from any one of the writers of all time would be more gladly welcomed in these days than something by Mark Twain and this happy event has actually happened in the States; a couple of volumes, in fact, have been isBued, containing a heap of hitherto unpublished letters, written at all periods of the great humourist's life. Clemens was an ideal letter-wiiteT, essentially so, indeed, for his most famous things, the Innooents and "Tramps" series, aro really nothing but a sort of correspondence. Quotations from the volumes in. the American magazines reveal Twain in a role in which he always enjoyed himself that of iconoclast amongst the conventional valuations in art and letters.

He was perhaps the least literary of all men who have produced great literature, and his sesthetio judgments were, at least, free from the respectability of the academies. We must not, then, be surprised to find him expressing- wonder that the contemporaries of Jane Austen allowed her to die a natural death." And in a letter to Brander Matthews he puts these questions (among others) concerning Sir Walter Scott: Are there in Scott's novels passages done into good English English that is neither slovenly nor involved? "Has he heroes and heroines who are not cads and cadesses Has he funny characters that are funny, and humorous passages that are humorous 1 Can you read him and keep your respect for him Of course k'tOKs uuuer me muic iicavjr waiiets ana iruuKS, nnrl dressed in the same fashion. This con tinual change of passengers did not alter the -t. on trie ixat one mt; tne new passengers a practical illustration that its meaning learned. A number of animals arrived camp irons a remount depot, among them Mexican mule.

Each animal bore a tag a certain but tlse mule alone had a patch ust above the tail. What did it signif It could not have pot there accidentally. Wh jsome or the drivers were considering what the little discolouration they get from his mental and moral calibre and his temperament. When a great orator makes a great speech you are listening to ten centuries and ten thousand men but we call it his speech, and really some exceedingly email portion of it is. But not enough to signify." Surely we recollect a similar utterance by G.B.S.," who once inoluded Mark Twain in the three great American writers the other two Walt Whitman and Edgar Allan Poe.

And Eudyard Kipling called him the "biggest man" in America Cervantes was a relative of his." Few regions can boast a more heterogeneous conglomeration of races than the Caucasus, which, according to report, intends to declare itself an independent republic. Some seventy different languages are eaid to be current within its boundaries, but among a medley of people's whose names suggest a philologist's nightmare the most interesting and important are the Georgians. A people of mysterious antecedents their race, according to some ethnologists, being older even than the Egyptians, the Georgians the little army of unemployed Leicester operatives on their memorable march to London about the same time that a similar pathetic procession of starving Russian peasants was headed at Petrograd by Father Gapon, a progressive priest goon after mysteriously murdered. The Father Gapon of Leicester," as he came to be called, probably learned his i Christian Socialism from the late Processor Shuttleworth, under whom he served 'his first curacy at the Wren Church of St. Nicholas Cole Abbey, near St.

Paul's Cathedral. mysterious symbol meant, one of them accide tally touched the jnules hindquarters. mediately its heels shot out and the man 1 on his back The mystery was solved. Red the symbol nf danger! of the same tnings as tnose who had leu. Among all these wretched creatures cruelty i the most constant quality.

What I noticed particularly was that when and misers and low characters were in books they did not show that cruelty, that inclination to jeer at humanity with which I was acquainted and was often brought to my notice. Thre method in the cruelty of these bookish one could almost always understand wi.v they were cruel; but the cruelty which I was aimless, senseless, an irom which no one expected to gain any advantage. i He graduated from Merton College, Oxford, where he had among his contemporaries the notorious Fillingham, and he was presented to his populous working-class Leicester parish by A demonstration of Co-operative Wholes; Society employees was held at the Milton Ha Manchester, yesterday afternoon, when what known as the employees' charter" was proved. Ward. While these people are cruel, they are hor-i nbly slavish; "so quiet, so timid, so 6adlyl vea'k- They all seemed to havefc i 1 ii i Leaving Liverpool Road Station under its own power.

Ftravea. to nave no relations, as au ine earth were strange to them. And every one o' them was senselessly cowardly. If Sufficiently horrible. Why does Gorki write of them so? Whether it be true or not, he Vtt yfgif? rlRST DIRECTOR "Well, we've dealt with evert thing on the agenda except this Trade Fund for the Y.M.C.A.

All the principal people in our business are supporting it." SECOND DIRECTOR: The Y.M.C.A. is doing splendid work. Our own staff seem to use the Huts constantly. Almost all their letters come on Y.M.CA. paper." CHAIRI2AN How much do you think we ought to give We cannot very well do less than others, and I heard this morning that the Consolidated were giving 1.000, and some in our Trade are giving 5,000." ZECOND DIRECTOR: Our shareholders.

I know, will support us in what we do they know well enough what splendid work the Y.M.C.A is doing." CHAIRMAN: "Well, gentlemen, what do you say to 2.000?. You all agree All agreed Good I my -mm believes it to be true. He says: Whv do I relate these abominations? So that vrvi may know, kind that is not all past Hrri done withl You have a liking for grim you are delighted with horrible tips well told, the grotesquely terrible But I know Of genuine horrors, evervdav terrors, and I have an undeniable right excite you unpleasantly by telling you about tb-m. in order that you may remember how we l.ve. an-5 under what circumstances.

A low and iTiclean life is, ours, and that is the truth 1 Frnm this "low and unclean life" of actu-a'itv his escape was to books. From, books he learned that it is possible to live otherwise; that the life he knew was the result of oppressor? which might be lifted, of ignorance which might he enlightened, of cruelties wreaked as the reflex of cruelties endured. One cannot accept it as a picture of all Russian life. But as an aspect of peculiar importance to us now, for the right understanding of the Revolution and for a wise flireetion of any influence we might have on its future course, it is of great value. If one is tn believe Gorki Russia is singular in being larcclv as barbarous as the most savage tribe with this difference, that the barbarity has been imposed by an educated ond wealthy caste.

We have a singular blend nf primitive bestiality and civilised corruption in the midst of which are native recorders, I iE Wud. in lsts. and observers or tne nnest quality, tn note and expound to puzzled Western F.umpe. H. M.

S. At its station in Albert Square. of nineteenth century political history. He knows it in its Outline, and lifi JrruYnna if. in WOMEN ON THE LAND.

many of its nooks and crannies. Set him down to a book dealing with the public life of that period, and he shall write you an essay hitting in the happiest way the medium between an independent treatment of the Al "I memo ana a mere analysis ot the book. such a subieet. as nnA THE NEEDS OF LANCASHIRE AND CHESHIRE. In preparation for the agricultural work of next spring a recruiting campaign for the Women's Land Army is now being conducted.

Gatherings of members of the araiy aTe being OUt Of the sairifi flim TOalm Via will all 66 forgotten shades to testify how differently miuisfl: support mur wnn POLITICS AND PERSONALITIES. Politics a.vd Personalities, with Other Essays. By the Right Hon. George W. E.

Russell. London T. Fisher Unwin. Pp. 36.

7s. 6d. net. Soldiers from the front sometimes miss in their country homes the roll of the big guns, nnd complain that they are "deafened by the silence." An essayist would produce a similar effect upon his readers who, on tne pretext of keeping a bower quiet for us, wholly ignored the war. Mr.

Russell does not do so here. His bower is as quiet as nno wishes it to be, but he reminds us from time to time, sometimes in an allusion, sometimes in a whole essay, of the reaction of the war on life nt home," and if, as occasionally happens, the allusion serves merely as a Ei re way into some familiar meadow in which he walks at will, that is how we would wish it. Of course, we have further evidence in tliis new volume of Mr. Russell's knowledge mas principle worKs ainerent men. Then he is a Churchman one conservative enough, apparently, in doctrine and disoinlinf? nut field various parts of Lancashire and Cheshire, primarily for the distribution of badges and stripes, but also to give publicity with bold schemes for future expansions, and to tne wort which women are doing on the land.

not aDove Dantermg tne Dishops on the magnitude of their temrjoralities. Thfr nr Tj 99 Ho Y. deeper questions even than those of Church- There are now in Lancashire between 700 and 800 members of the Land Army, women who (C.A. Tradke Appeal mansnip in certain of the essays that allude are devoting their whole time to the work, and mj ewncai prooiems, ana pnpers Hire 'Ues-tiny" and "The Dark Side of Scienrr." who have placed themselves in the hands of the Government to be sent wherever they are re awaken many thoughts. Handling such quired; there aTe also between one and two ma topics with his cultivated gift of direct and fastidious English.

Mr. RukspII ba vtrrii.i-.nn thousand part-time village workers, who are registered under the Land Army scheme. The one more book which it is a pleasure and refreshment to read. C. S.

O. numbers in Cheshire are about the same. In both counties there is urgent need for more volunteers, and at a meeting at Warrington on Saturday the Chairman of the Cheshire War THE PLAY WAY. The Piay Way. An Essay in Educational "CVERY Trade, every Profession, every Industry, should make it a point of honour to assist the splendid work of the Y.M.C.A.

to the utmost of its power. There is hardly an important Firm or Company throughout the Kingdom whose employees with the colours have not directly benefited by the shelter and comfort, the rest, refreshment and recreation which the Y.M.C.A. Huts provide. liy a. Caldwell Cook, M.A.

London Heinemann and Co. Pp. xvi. 367. 8s.

6d. net. The highest praise that can be given to "The Play Way" and it is surely high Has your Trade yet Organised its Collection? All money subscribed for the War Work of the Y.M.C.A. is spent on War Work alone, and any profit made on goods sold to the troops is used for the provision and upkeep of Huts, Free Stationery, Hostels for Relatives of Wounded, and other activities of the same character. The following Professions.

Trades and Industries have been asked to organise special collections on behalf of the Y.M.CA. Those marked with an asterisk have already undertaken to do so. and many others are on the point of starting their Trade Fund. Oxford University Press. The Church's Message for the Coming Time.

A series of Handbooks for the People), i'rire Is. net each in paper cover, or in -loth, is. 6d. net each. The Story of European Christianity.

By the Canon J. H. B. MASTER MAN, M.A. What mean ye by this Service By the enough is that it would have delighted William Morris.

For it is the work or one wno understands tne ioy i that the artist has in creating, and desires that all should share it. School is to be what the Greeks and the Romans called it Play. Constraint is to disappear, and boys and girls are to givo themselves up to the delights of composing, speaking, acting in the li; C. CARPENTER, M.A. All-round Sportsman's classroom, and constructing imaginary islands and toy railways the playground.

It is not a mere Utopian dream. Mr. Cald E3 well Cook tells us how it has all been done Ctiristmmas AppeaL Agricultural Executive Committee, Mr. J. Embleton, said that in that county alone 50,000 more acres of corn land would be under cultivation next year, to cultivate which more than a thousand women would be needed.

The meeting at Warrington was to distribute, badges and stripes and efficiency certificates to the land workers in the West Derby and Buck-low districts. The Mayor of Warrington (Alderman Peacock) presided, and the Mayoress made tho distribution. Mr. W. Fitzherbert Brockholes, chairman of the Lancashire War Agricultural Executive Committee, appealed to farmers to take advantage of women's labour and help to train them.

The Chairman of the Cheshire Committee, Mr. Embleton, said his experience of women's work on the land had converted him to a profound belief in their usefulness. If we could manage to pull through on our food stocks until the next harvest and he thought that possible we could stave off famine, but the 1918 harvest must be made a good one. Lancashire and Cheshire stood well with the Board of Agriculture, because they were ploughing up the number of acres they were asked to do, and in the case of Cheshire 10,000 acres more than was specified. Farmers should understand that there could be no stronger claim for the exemption of male labour, even of class A men, than fact that women also were employed on their farms.

The Hon. J. E. Cross spoke of the difficulty of finding suitable accommodation for women workers, and said it would remain until farmers were more willing to put them up in the farmhouses or to provide cottages. Tests in motor-tractor ploughing took place during the afternoon.

Of the six competitors five gained 100 per cent of the marks and one 90 per cent. Pastels from the Pacific By F. LENWOOD. With illustrations in (lour- and in black and white. 7s.

6d. net. Poems of Conformity. By C. WILLIAMS.

Crown 8vo. 3s. 6d. at tho Perse School, Cambridge, and furnishes documentary and photographic evidences of the truth of his tale. What he succeeds in proving is, however, not that the Play Way is the one and only way for teachers and taught it might become deadly dull in (DadDTO 9 the hands or uninspired lmiraiors, even iiKei what Mr.

Cook himself calls "the crowning outrage of compulsory games," but that vitality and freshness, humour and common sense, are the teacher's best equipment, and all too seldom found in our schools. To pass I Vi throueh such a course as is here described must be a elorious experience for a boy, but one may doubt whether a long continuance of it would be wholly good for the character, and sympathise with that colleague oi ssir. uook who complained he could do nothing with a class that had recently enjoyed it. Still, all Institute of Mining Engineers. Institute of Mining and Metallurgy.

Iron and Steel Trades. Lloyd's. Match Trade. Meat Trade. Medical and Surgical Profession.

Miners. Musical Profession. Newspaper, Printing and Publishing Trades. Petrol and Oil Trades. Pottery Trade.

Railways. Restaurants. Rubber and Copra Trade. Shipbuilding Industry; Shipowners and Ship- brokers. Stock Exchange.

Straw Felt Hat Manu facture Allied Trades Tanners. Theatrical Profession. The Law Society. Timber Trade, Tin-Mininsr. Tobacco Trade.

Trade Unions. Typewriters. Wholesale and Retail Drapery. Wine and Spirit Trades. Wool, Woollen and Worsted Industries.

Fund." Antique Furniture, Auctioneers and Estate Agents. Bakery Trade. Bankers. Insurance, Boot Trade. Brass and Copper Wire.

Brewery Trade. Carpet Trades. Chemical Trades. China and Glass. Cinemas.

Coal Trade. Controlled Trades." Cotton Trade. Cutlery Trade. Dyers and Cleaners. Engineering Industries.

Explosives. Fish Trade. Freemasons. Fruit Vegetable Trade. Goldsmiths and Silversmiths.

Grain Trade, Millers. Grocery, Confectionery and Allied Trades. Hemp, Flax and Jute. Institute of Chartered Accountants. Civil Engineers.

Electrical Engineers. Mechanical Engineers. who teach English should read Mr. t-ook; they will learn even more from his enthusiasm than from his methods. His book has been finished "somewhere in France" under Japan The Rise of a Modern Power.

By ROBERT B. PORTER. Maps and Illustrations. Crown (Shortly. Who can be Happy and Free in Russia By NICHOLAS N'EKRASSOV.

Translated M. SOSKICE. With an In-: induction by Dr. D. SOSKICE.

Is. 3d. pocket edition, on thin paper, Is. 4d. ncl- WorUTs Classics.

Marie Grubbe, a Lady of the Seventeenth Century. By I. P. JACOBSEN. Translated from ihe Oaiusli by HAXNA L'ARSEN.

Crown Vvo. 6s. 6d. net- American Foundation. Anthology of Swedish Lyrics from 1750-1915.

Translated in the Original Metres by CHARLES WHARTON STORK. Extra 8vo. 6s. 6d. net American Classics.

a difficulties that might excuse worse lmper-ffinnc TVTnv he return in safety to his profession, and with advancing years may his at least must be raised To meet the more pressing requirements of our soldiers in the Home Camps and in. every theatre of War, a sum of at least 500,000 must be raised within the next few weeks, and Funds must be available to meet the constant demand for the extension of the work. Business men have realised that it would be a national calamity if the work of the Y.M.C.A. were to be curtailed in any way through lack of funds and many of the principal Trades and Professions have already undertaken to appeal to their own members for the necessary financial assistance. Others are now organizing for the same purpose.

Every day adds to the number. Mas yonnr Trade faMemi Mtto Mime? If you have not yet heard officially from the organizers of your own Trade Appeal, write for information to Mr. HERBERT BROWN, Hon. Secretary of Xmas Appeals, Y.M.C.A., 13, Russell Square, London, W.C.i. charity wnicn aireau cuiu-." pupils, even extend to the dull schoolmasters on whom he now pours a somewhat intolerant contempt! CATHOLIC TRADE UNIONISTS IN CONFERENCE.

The tenth annual National Conference of Catholic Trade Unionists was held yesterday and on Saturday at the Bishop's House. Sal-ford. Mr; James Berrell presided, and some nrsent. A number of Complete CATALOGUE on Application. UNIVERSITY INTELLIGENCE.

OXFORD, December 13. In Convocation held to-day the degree of Bachelor of Music was conferred upon William Richard Sims, senior assistant in the Bodleian Library, who has completed 50 years' service on the staff of the Library and has been- in charge of the music collections for more than 35 years. G. L. Gleave, Manchester Grammar School, has been elected to a classical scholarship at Lincoln College.

CAMBRIDGE, Decembke 15. ENTRANCE SCHOLARSHIPS. The following are among awards madeb-day At Pembroke E. H. Scott, CarUsto Grammar School, 40 for olapica.

BzhibtUen: B. Winder. Bymer'a CoLsgc, Hull, 30 tot natural actaece with maU XDAtlCS. At Jesus Oollege Exhibition V. 7.

Bees, BossaU School. 30 for classics. At Christ's Oollege. Exhibition: A. P.

Tate, 6t. Lawratoa College, at Cheater, 30 for chusloo. At. St. John's College Beholirehlps A.

J. Sawney, Hyroei'a College, Hull, 60 for mathematics; W. G. Standrlnsr, Liver, pool Collegiate, 60 for natural science: W. w.

Woodcock, Manchester Grammar School, 60 far modern Untuage. At Emmanuel College. Exhibition O. Burner, Boltaa flehooi, 50 fox sataral science. London HUMPHREY MILFORD, Oxford University Press, Amen Corner, E.C.

4. nitv t-JPSJS vffrfhoui Candidates to run as Socialist "tokSu? candidates, declared against the "-BWKpSi education, and denied that For those who are not subscribing to say of these collections there is "General Xmas Appeal for which subecripaaas should be forwarded to Mr. HERBERT BROWN. Hon. Secretary of Xmas Appeals, YJLCA.

(Room 1), 13, Russell Square, W.C1. nrincil 1 Solution on divorce passed by the Conference expressed the opinion tou3.S?Iabour. The Chairman, in his that no Catholic could. 6e a Labour' oio; SSflSt there was no reason why uatho- Socialist, E. RICHARD CROSS The Life.

Work. Opinions ot a Friend of Mao Crown 8o. Cloth. Prion 5s. net.

rh.s Volume contain I. A Biography by MABIOX WILKINSON. II. Appreciations by Three IWende. Prof.

a. J. GRANT. J. A.

HOBSON, M.A.. and ARTHUR KOWNTEEE, B-A. III. Twelve Selected Papara asd Addresses by E. R.

CROSS. J. M. DENT SONS, Bedford Street, W.C2. lies more important pan should loot we a A tnl Socialists to exploit the content Give of your best and make this National Appeal a Real Success.

dement in the interests of Socialist Labour ipaganaa prop CTXDLATER ft MACK1E, regret to hate to notify Buyers that they are unable at present to supply Wines, Spirits, and Beer except to their xeguiar cusiomera- IADTT.J B..